How the Universe Was Born Please, 3Q

There are many theories, and the most accepted is the big ** cosmology, which can be hoped for in the encyclopedia.

The universe is not created by anyone, but caused by the great filial piety.

In the beginning, matter could only exist in the form of elementary particles such as electrons, photons, and neutrinos. The continuous expansion of the universe after that caused the temperature and density to drop very quickly. As the temperature decreases and cools, atoms, nuclei, and molecules are gradually formed, and they are compounded into the usual gas.

The gas gradually coalesced into nebulae, which further formed a wide variety of stars and galaxies that eventually formed the universe we see today.

The scientific nature of the big ** theory is convincing. The most direct evidence comes from the study of the light signatures of distant galaxies. In the 20s, astronomer Edwin Hubble studied the observations made by Vesto Slipher.

He noticed that distant galaxies were slightly redder than those of near galaxies.

Hubble carefully measured this redness and made a diagram. He found that this redshift (redshift) is systemic, and the farther away a galaxy is from us, the redder it appears.

The color of light is related to its wavelength. In the white light spectrum, blue light is at the short-wave end and red light is at the long-wave end. The reddening of distant galaxies means that the wavelengths of their light waves have become slightly longer.

After carefully determining the position of the characteristic spectral lines in the spectra of many galaxies, Hubble confirmed this effect. He believed that the lengthening of light waves was due to the fact that the universe was expanding. This major discovery by Hubble laid the foundation of modern cosmology.

Argument of opinion:

The establishment of the grand ** theory is based on two basic assumptions: the universality of the laws of physics and the principles of cosmology. The cosmological principle states that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on a large scale.

These ideas were first introduced as a priori axioms, and there are now studies that attempt to verify them. For example, for the first hypothesis, experiments have shown that the relative error of the fine structure constant does not exceed 10 (5) for most of the time since the beginning of the universe.

In addition, through the observation of the solar system and binary star systems, the general theory of relativity has been verified by very accurate experiments; On a broader cosmological scale, the empirical success of the big ** theory in many aspects is also a strong support for the general theory of relativity.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - Big ** Cosmology.

The universe was not created by anyone, but caused by the big **.

The great cosmology admits that Li Wei is that the universe was formed by a dense and fiery singularity that expanded after a large ** 13.7 billion years ago. In 1927, the Belgian astronomer and cosmologist Lemaître first proposed the cosmic hypothesis.

According to the hypothesis, the American astronomer Hubble proposed Hubble's law that the redshift of galaxies is proportional to the distance between galaxies, and deduced the theory of cosmic expansion in which galaxies are moving away from each other.

One of the most influential theories in modern cosmology. Its main point is that the universe has had a history of evolution from hot to cold. During this period, the cosmic system was constantly expanding, making the density of matter evolve from dense to thin, as if it were a huge scale.

One of the founders of the theory was Gafen Bush Mov.

In 1946, the American physicist Gamow formally put forward the theory of the big **, believing that the universe was formed by a big ** that occurred about 14 billion years ago. At the end of the last century, observations of IA supernovae showed that the universe was expanding at an accelerated rate, as the universe may be mostly composed of dark energy.

Definition of the universe

The physical universe is defined as all space and time and their connotations, including all forms of energy, such as electromagnetic radiation, ordinary matter, dark matter, dark energy, etc., of which ordinary matter includes planets, moons, stars, galaxies, galaxy clusters, and intergalactic matter. The universe also includes physical laws that affect matter and energy, such as conservation laws, classical mechanics, relativity, etc.

In ancient China, both "Yu" and "Zhou" referred to small parts of people's houses, and by extension, the concept of "universe" became larger and larger, with space referring to space and time referring to time, which was a long and complex evolutionary process.

Historically, there have been many ideas about the universe and its origins. The ancient Greeks and Indians were the first to come up with a theory of the universe dominated by the laws of physics rather than individual opinions. Ancient Chinese philosophy contains the concept of the universe, with the universe being all space and the universe being all time.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Universe.

The universe we observe now has a boundary of about 10 billion light-years. It is made up of numerous galaxies. The Earth is an ordinary planet with life in the solar system, while the Sun is an ordinary star in the Milky Way.

How did the stars, planets, comets, galaxies, etc., that we observe, come about?

The cosmology holds that the universe as we observe it, in its early days, is concentrated in a singularity that is very small, extremely hot, and extremely dense. Around 14.1 billion years ago, the singularity occurred after the occurrence of the big **, which began the birth history of the universe in which we live.

The temperature of the universe is about 100 billion degrees. The main forms of existence of matter are electrons, photons, neutrinos. Later, the substance spreads rapidly and the temperature decreases rapidly.

1 second after the big **, it drops to 10 billion degrees. 14 seconds after the big **, the temperature is about 3 billion degrees. After 35 seconds, at 300 million degrees, chemical elements begin to form.

The temperature keeps dropping, and atoms keep forming. The universe is filled with clouds of gas. Under the influence of gravity, they formed a star system, which in turn evolved into the universe today.

At the beginning of the universe, for the first 300,000 years after the birth of space-time, the universe was opaque. As protons and electrons combine to form atoms, radiation can pass freely, and an observable universe is formed. But if we go back to the time of the big ** and assume that all the matter and energy of the universe is concentrated in a fairly dense ball, and this ball is very hot, and it happens** to form the universe, then where does this ball come from?

How did it come to be? Do we have to assume that there was supernatural creation at this stage? Not necessarily, scientists introduced a discipline called quantum mechanics in 1920, and it was so complex that we can't explain it here.

This is a very successful theory, which properly explains phenomena that other theories cannot explain, and can also ** new phenomena, and ** new phenomena are exactly the same as what actually happens. In 1980, an American physicist, Alan Gus, began to use quantum mechanics to study questions about the origin of the big **. We can assume that before the big ** happened, the universe was a huge glowing sea in which nothing existed.

Obviously, this description is inaccurate, these do not contain energy, so it is not a vacuum, because by definition there should be nothing in a vacuum. The pre-universe contained energy, but all of its components were similar to those of a vacuum, so it was called a false vacuum. In this false vacuum, a tiny particle exists where there is energy, and it is formed by an aimless force that changes irregularly.

In fact, we can think of this glowing false vacuum as a foamy bubble that can produce a small piece of existence here or there, like foam produced by ocean waves. Some of these beings soon vanished, returning to a false vacuum; And some, on the contrary, become very large or form an object like the universe after a large **. We live in such a bubble of success.

But this model has a lot of problems, and scientists have been making up for and solving them. If they solve this problem, wouldn't we have a better perspective on where the universe came from? Of course, if part of the Gusi theory is correct, we can simply go back and ask where the energy of the false vacuum came from in the first place.

We can't say that, but it doesn't help us to prove the existence of the supernatural, because we can go back a step and ask where the supernatural matter came from. The answer to this question is shocking, i.e. "it doesn't come from anywhere, it always exists that way". It's hard to imagine, and perhaps we have to say that the energy in the false vacuum has always been like this.

One of the most influential theories in the modern cosmology, also known as the Great ** Cosmology. It illustrates more observational facts than other models of the universe. Its main idea is that our universe has evolved from hot to cold.

During this period, the cosmic system was not static, but was constantly expanding, causing the density of matter to evolve from dense to thin. This process from hot to cold, from dense to thin is like an explosion of great scale. According to the cosmological point of view of the big **, the whole process of the big ** is:

In the early days of the universe, temperatures were extremely high, above 10 billion degrees. The density of matter is also quite large, and the entire universe is in equilibrium. There are only some elementary particles in the universe, such as neutrons, protons, electrons, photons, and neutrinos.

But because the whole system is expanding, the temperature drops very quickly. When the temperature drops to about 1 billion degrees, the neutron begins to lose the conditions for its free existence, and it either decays or combines with protons to form elements such as heavy hydrogen and helium; It is from this period that chemical elements begin to form. After the temperature drops further to 1 million degrees, the early process of forming chemical elements ends (see Theory of Element Synthesis).

The matter in the universe is mainly protons, electrons, photons, and some relatively light nuclei. When the temperature drops to a few thousand degrees, the radiation decreases, and the universe is mainly gaseous matter, and the gas gradually condenses into gas clouds, and then further forms a variety of star systems, which become the universe we see today. The large ** model can uniformly illustrate the following observational facts:

1) The big ** theory asserts that all stars are created after the temperature drops, so the age of any celestial body should be shorter than the period from the temperature drop to today, that is, it should be less than 20 billion years. This is evidenced by the measurements of the ages of various celestial bodies. (2) Systematic spectral redshifts are observed in extragalactic objects, and the redshifts are roughly proportional to the distance.

If explained by the Doppler effect, then the redshift is a reflection of the expansion of the universe. (3) The abundance of helium is quite large in various celestial bodies, and most of them are 30%. Using the stellar nuclear reaction mechanism is not enough to explain why there is so much helium.

And according to the big ** theory, the early temperature was very high and the efficiency of helium production was also very high, which can explain this fact. (4) According to the expansion rate of the universe and the abundance of helium, the temperature of each historical period of the universe can be calculated. Gamow, one of the founders of the Great ** Theory, once predicted that the universe today is already very cold, with only an absolute temperature of a few degrees.

In 1965, a microwave background radiation with a thermal radiation spectrum was detected in the microwave band, and the temperature was about 3 K.