What are the common characteristics of gentlemen in the history of Confucianism?

1. The crown. Wang Mian is arrogant and despises the powerful, and his poems are mostly sympathetic to the suffering of the people, condemning the wealthy and powerful, despising fame and fortune, and describing the idyllic and secluded life.

There is "Bamboo Zhai Collection".

3 volumes, 2 sequels in volumes. He has loved plum blossoms all his life, planting plums, singing plums, and painting plums. The plum blossoms painted are dense and numerous, full of business, vigorous and powerful, and have a great influence on later generations. The surviving paintings include "Nanzhi Spring Early Picture".

"Murmeitu", "Three Gentlemen", etc. It can cure the seal, create a seal carved with a flower milk stone, and the seal method is wonderful.

2. Zhou Jin. A person who is poor, superstitious about classics, and addicted to the art of making difficult to extricate himself. Zhou Jin lived in poverty and had to endure the humiliation of Shilin characters and the contempt of the ordinary people. But he always firmly believed that the imperial examination was his only lifeline.

3, Fan Jin. Fan Jin was a lower-class intellectual who was keen on the imperial examination and was deeply poisoned by feudal education. He spent all his youth on the imperial examination, and regarded the achievement of fame and fortune in the middle examination as the only goal, and he tried repeatedly for decades, and was unwilling to engage in labor to support his family, and his soul was completely bound by the chains of the imperial examination.

Fan Jin was promoted, although the material wealth and social status improved, but his soul was completely poisoned by the imperial examination, and he and Zhang Jingzhai called him brothers, indicating that he also became a feudal ruling class after the promotion.

One of them will also oppress the people like other rulers.

4. Yan Zhihe.

Yan Zhizhong is a tribute student, and after entering the Guozi School in Beijing through examination and selection, he is called a tribute student. This kind of person has a relatively high social status and is strictly tributed.

is also because he is a tribute student and looks down on his brother Yan Jiansheng.

Prisoners are generally required to "learn and be dignified, and have a long history of literature and science", but Yan Gongsheng in the author's pen is just the opposite, a fully well-dressed beast.

Yan Gongsheng's first appearance was in the fourth episode, Fan Jin was persuaded by Zhang Jingzhai to go to Tangzhi County to "fight the autumn wind" during the mourning period, and he had just arrived in Gaoyao County.

When he learned that the two were going to visit Tangzhi County, he began to say that he was familiar with Tangzhi County, and made up a story about his encounter with Tangzhi County, and praised Tangzhi County's person, just to show his understanding of Tangzhi County.

5, Kuang Chaoren.

**In the description of Kuang Chaoren's behavior, it can be roughly divided into two kinds, one is Kuang Chaoren who shows simplicity and filial piety, and the other is Kuang Chaoman who shows dehumanization. He was originally a simple rural boy, well-behaved, diligent, his filial piety to his father, but also touching, ** The initial description of Kuang Chaoren's behavior is to show his simple and filial side.

In exile, he was influenced by society and gradually changed. In Hangzhou, Kuang Chaoren met Mr. Ma Er.

And under the influence of Mr. Ma Er, he took the imperial examination as the only way out of life, and after being admitted to Xiucai, he was "cultivated" by a group of famous people from the fighting side, and regarded himself as a famous man, as a means of chasing fame and fortune. Society gave him such a path, and he skillfully maneuvered around it, step by step towards depravity. He bragged and lied, gained fame, betrayed his friends for glory, was ungrateful, and became a well-dressed beast.

The structure of the Confucian History is unique.

It does not run through the central characters and main plot of the book, but focuses on one or several characters respectively, and some other characters serve as foils, forming relatively independent stories. This is the principle of scattered perspective that pursues loose on the surface and bones on the inside, which conforms to the aesthetic habits of the Chinese. That is, "to fame and wealth as the bones of a article".

The loose plot and characters are all taken on the main theme of destroying people's hearts and personalities in the eight-strand system, and the perfect unity of structure and content expression is achieved.

To this end, the author has carefully designed and arranged the structure of the book. The first "wedge" echoes the last "ghostly list", and it is the theme of the book to put forward ideas and summaries on the gist and right and wrong of the whole book. The middle is divided into three parts, which echo the beginning and the end respectively, and perfectly realize the artistic ideal of using a loose structure to express the theme of the eight-strand system and distorting the personality of the scholars.

The History of Confucianism is a long story written by Wu Jingzi in the Qing Dynasty, written in the 14th year of Qianlong (1749) or a little earlier, and is now handed down in a manuscript, first engraved in the 8th year of Jiaqing (1803).

On the one hand, it truly reveals the process and reasons for the corrosion of human nature, so as to deeply criticize and ridicule the corruption of officials, the shortcomings of the imperial examination, and the hypocrisy of etiquette and religion at that time. On the one hand, he enthusiastically praises the protection of human nature made by a few characters in the way of insisting on themselves, thus embodying the author's ideals. Hu Zai**'s use of vernacular has become more proficient, and the portrayal of character is also quite in-depth and delicate, especially the use of superb satirical techniques, making the book a masterpiece of Chinese classical satirical literature.

1."The Outer History of Confucianism" does not run through the central characters and main plots of the book, but focuses on one or several characters respectively, and some other characters serve as foils, forming relatively independent stories.

2.The characters of each story can exist independently, not affected by other stories, from the "first round" to the "last round", the characters do not change, the events remain the same, only the characters' ideological character and storyline have developed and changed.

3.The book combines real life scenes with fictional starvation plots, profoundly revealing the potential contradictions and crises in life that are ignored by the official history, and showing the independent and self-sufficient envy of the satirical world.

4.Through precise and generalized descriptions, the work depicts the various types of corporals and doctors in the imperial examination system, and expresses the author's profound criticism of the imperial examination system and feudal etiquette.

The above are the structural characteristics of "The Outer History of Confucianism", I hope it will help you.

"The Outer History of Confucianism" is an outstanding realist satire in the history of Chinese literature.

Mr. Lu Xun commented that "such as a collection of broken brocade, combined into a post, although not huge, but sometimes rare." Feng Yuanjun and Lu Kanru's "Compendium of the History of Chinese Literature" believes that "big mellow and small flaws".

Although the storyline of the book does not have a backbone, there is a center running through it, that is, opposing the poison of the imperial examination system and feudal etiquette, and satirizing the extreme hypocrisy and bad social customs caused by the enthusiasm for fame and wealth. Such ideological content undoubtedly had its great practical and educational significance at that time. Coupled with its accurate, vivid and concise vernacular language, lifelike character building, beautiful and delicate descriptions of scenery, and excellent satirical techniques, it has also achieved great success in art.

At that time, due to the limitations of the times, although the author criticized the dark reality in the book, he pinned his ideals on the scholars and doctors who were "excellent in character and learning", preached ancient rites and ancient music, and could not see the real way out to change Confucianism and society, which should be criticized.

The characters of each episode of "The Outer History of Confucianism" are summarized as follows:

1. The crown. As a scholar and a "celebrity", Wang Mian embodies the spirit of Chinese scholars in him and is a typical ideal person.

2. Zhou Jin. Zhou Jin was extremely enthusiastic about the imperial examination, but unfortunately he didn't even pass the examination when he reached the year of the sixtieth year. When he came to the Gongyuan, the examination room for the provincial capital, he was so sad that he hit the wooden board and fainted.

Out of pity, several businessmen pooled money to help him donate a prisoner. Later, by virtue of his status as a prisoner, he actually won the Juren, and then he was promoted to the Jinshi and went to Guangdong as an official.

3, Fan Jin. Fan Jin was in his fifties at the time, and he didn't even pass the Xiucai exam, and his family was poor. When Zhou Jin saw him, he remembered his tragic situation back then, and under the sympathy, he was admitted as a lifter, so he staged a crazy farce of "Fan Jin Zhongju".

4. Yan Zhihe.

He was an extremely stingy miser, two fingers before he died, he couldn't let go of his two fingers, it turned out that there were two stems of lamp grass in the lamp, and Yan Jian was afraid that it would cost oil to make it difficult for Yan Jian Sheng to close his eyes, and when Zhao picked one, Yan Jian Sheng swallowed his breath.

5, Kuang Chaoren.

Kuang Chaoren was originally simple and filial, but later blackened and annihilated human nature. He skillfully maneuvered the forces of all sides, and gradually degenerated. He is good at bragging, lying, selling fame, betraying friends for glory, ingratitude, and eventually becoming a well-dressed beast.