Ask for answers to the question of wages in economics

There are many angles to this question, and they all make sense. I'll try to put my opinion on it from a macroeconomic point of view, and the answer is up to you.

There is a linkage effect, and the effect is that wages also increase. One of the most basic chains is: the income of low-income earners increases - > the demand for food increases (Engel.

It's a good fit here), while the food supply remains the same – > food ** rises – > CPI rises – > as a response to inflation, middle-income earners incorporate inflation expectations into their labor contracts and wages rise.

The chain above is also basically what has happened in China in the past year. Subsidies to low-income people (such as agricultural tax exemption + agricultural subsidies, grain minimum prices, etc.) increase farmers' incomes and increase food **, thereby triggering inflation and rising wages. (My salary went up once because of inflation).

I may not be able to deal with this kind of problem at the theoretical level, but I can give you an example: the workers who built the Bird's Nest for the Olympics earned 50 RMB a day, which is really higher than the hourly wage they would normally pay as construction workers. But that doesn't affect us average middle-income earners.

Their salaries are paid by the state, and they take taxpayers' money. However, the state does not raise the tax rate because it pays them, and the amount of tax they should pay still has to pay, and it does not have the so-called linkage effect.

Public works are good for the whole country.

The so-called wage rate refers to the labor ** per unit of time. Wage rate The output per unit of labor, i.e., w = y l, because the input of labor can only be measured in time generally, so it is also the remuneration per unit of time. Depending on the unit time, it can be divided into hourly wage rate, daily wage rate, etc.

At equilibrium, the real wage rate is the marginal product of labor, i.e., w=mp*p, or mp=w p.

The wage rate is the equilibrium of the labor force**. It refers to the labor force as a commodity, when the quantity it is willing to supply and the quantity it is willing to demand is equal to the **, which is formed by the competition between the supply and demand of labor in the labor market. Different types of labor of different quality and scarcity have different market wage rates.

The market wage rate restricts and regulates the distribution behavior of enterprises and the employment choice behavior of workers. However, this equilibrium of labor** is formed before the labor process begins. The actual salary received by each worker who enters the enterprise to work in a specific position must be determined only after a comprehensive examination of other relevant factors, especially after assessing his actual labor results.

Therefore, in a practical sense, the reference to the market wage rate is a reasonable starting point for implementing the principle of distribution according to work.

Multiple choice A has nothing to say. The questions have been hinted upon.

I choose BAll enterprises can take advantage of the intrinsic economic effects, but state ownership can take advantage of the extrinsic economic effects.

Choose C. Market failure is a manifestation of the existence of external economic effects.

Wrong. The distribution of incremental resources between departments and non-departments is. It is determined by the structure of national income distribution and the structure of expenditure.

Judge that the answer to question 2 is correct.

Real wages refer to the amount of means of subsistence and labor services that workers can purchase with monetary wages, which more accurately reflect the actual income level and living conditions of workers. Under the condition that the means of subsistence** and the cost of labor services remain unchanged, the increase in nominal wages is manifested in the increase in real wages; If the means of subsistence** and labor fees increase, and taxes and so on increase, then when nominal wages remain unchanged or increase slightly, real wages will show a downward trend.

Real wage is the ratio of the level of money wage to the cost of living, which is directly proportional to the level of money wage and moves in the opposite direction with the cost of living.

Real wages = nominal wages Consumer prices = money wages **Index = w p

The difference between nominal and real wages.

Nominal wages, or money wages, refer to the amount of money that workers receive for selling their labor power.

Real wages refer to the quantities of various means of subsistence and services that workers actually buy with their monetary wages.

The link between nominal and real wages.

Nominal wages and real wages are closely linked, and all other things being equal, the changes are the same, i.e., the higher the nominal wage, the higher the real wage, and vice versa.

However, the changes between the two are often inconsistent, i.e., nominal wages remain unchanged or even increase, while real wages may fall, because the level of real wages depends not only on the level of money wages, but also on the level of prices. If nominal wages remain unchanged and prices**, or nominal wages do not rise at the rate of prices**, real wages will fall.

The minimum wage law is an analysis of the labor market under perfect competition, in which case the minimum wage law limits the resource allocation role of the market. Unless there is only one buyer of labor in the market, i.e., a monopoly appears, the situation you are talking about is possible, and the monopoly is inefficient and it is necessary to adopt laws to limit it. However, this is rarely the case.

Companies need to consider the productivity of workers as well as incentives, such as efficiency wages, and most markets are competitive. So this question illustrates to a certain extent the efficiency of the market and intervention.

Wages should be paid, including social security contributions, etc. To calculate the severance payment, it is necessary to clarify the total income of 12 months from the date of the labor dispute to calculate the average monthly wage, and for each month's salary, it should be calculated according to the payable salary, without considering individual income tax or other deductions. There are many ways to terminate an employment relationship, and one of them is the negotiation between the two parties.

However, if the employer proposes to terminate the employment relationship with the employee through negotiation, it shall pay severance according to the employee's years of service in the employer. Article 5 of the Law on Economic Compensation for Violation and Termination of Labor Contracts (Lao Bu Fa [1994] No. 481) provides that if the parties to the labor contract terminate the labor contract through consultation, the employer shall pay the employee an economic compensation equivalent to one month's salary for each full year according to the employee's years of service in the employer, up to a maximum of 12 months. If the working time is less than one year, severance shall be paid at the rate of one year.

In any of the following circumstances, the employer shall compensate the employee with one month's salary for each full year of the employee's years of service in the employer: (1) The employer proposes to terminate the labor contract with the employee in accordance with the provisions of Article 29 (See) of these Regulations. Article 29 A labor contract may be terminated upon the consensus of the parties to the labor contract.

Where the length of service of the unit as mentioned in Article 42 (see ) of these Regulations is six months but less than one year, it shall be calculated as one year. The above provisions explain that if the employer proposes to terminate the labor relationship with the employee through negotiation, it shall pay economic compensation according to the employee's working years in the unit, and pay one month's salary for each full year, and one year if it is less than one year and six months. How is the monthly salary income on which the severance payment is calculated calculated?

Article 11 of the Law on Economic Compensation for Violation and Termination of Labor Contracts (Lao Bu Fa [1994] No. 481) The wage calculation standard for severance in this Law refers to the average monthly wage of the employee in the 12 months prior to the termination of the contract under the normal production conditions of the enterprise. Article 45 of the Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Labor Contracts, Article 42 (see) and Article 44 (see) of these Regulations shall be calculated according to the average wage income of the employee in the 12 months prior to the termination or termination of the labor contract. In addition, the Opinions of the Shanghai Higher People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases pointed out that "according to the relevant provisions, severance shall be calculated based on the average wage income of the 12 months prior to the termination of the employment relationship.

The main difference between a worker's monthly wages and take-home wages lies in the various deductions and expenses, including social insurance contributions, taxes or union fees. Since the social insurance premiums and taxes withheld by the employer are all part of the individual's labor income, the employer only bears the obligation to pay on behalf of the individual. Therefore, this part of the payment should be included in salary income and should be taken into account in the calculation of severance payments.

Experts say: "Young people's low wages may be due to lack of ability!" ”

The loss economist said that today's young people have no money to spend, so they feel that their parents give too little, or the salary given by the business boss is too low.

At the same time, he said: "For many young people in China, in fact, the little work you do, in Thailand or Vietnam, people can do the same work as you for half your salary!" ”

I think the expert is clearly talking nonsense and gives the impression of grandstanding. Young people feel that low wages are due to their lack of ability? The three mountains of housing prices, medical care and education have overwhelmed people, but it has become a pot with low income!

There is no one with this pot throwing skill!!