Talk about the relationship between genetic variation and living things

Heredity refers to the similarity between parents and childrenVariationIt refers to the differences between parents and children and between offspring. Variation mainly refers to genetic mutationsGenetic recombinationwith chromosomal variation.

Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA between different individuals in the same gene pool on the basis of heredity, also known as "molecular variation", and is also a qualitative or quantitative description of genetic differences between individuals of the same species. Heredity and variation are phenomena that continue to occur in the biological world, as well as speciation and biological evolution.

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Heredity and variation

There are always more or less differences between the parents and offspring of an organism and between the offspring of the individual, which is the phenomenon of biological variation. Some variations in living things are heritable and some are not. Heritable variation refers to the variation that an organism can pass on to its offspring, including genetic recombination, genetic mutation, and chromosomal variation.

This variation is caused by changes in the genetic material.

Heredity is the basic attribute of all living things, it keeps the biological world relatively stable, so that human beings can identify the biological world, including themselves. Variation refers to the relationship between parents and children, siblings.

The phenomenon of differences between sisters, and between individuals of the same species. As the saying goes, "A mother gives birth to nine sons, and the nine sons are different."

The heredity and variation of living things are two aspects of the same thing, heredity can be mutated, and the variation can be inherited, and a normal and healthy father can give birth to children with genetic defects in intelligence and constitution, and pass on the genetic defects (variation) to the next generation. The stability of heredity is relative, whereas variation is absolute.

The above content reference:Encyclopedia – Heredity and Variation

Heredity refers to the similarity between parents and children, and variation refers to the differences between parents and children Variation refers to the differences between offspring and parents, and the phenomenon of differences between offspring individuals, according to whether the variation is beneficial to the organism is divided into favorable mutation and unfavorable mutation Favorable mutation is beneficial to the survival of organisms, and unfavorable mutation is unfavorable to the survival of organisms According to the causes of mutation, it can be divided into heritable variation and non-heritable variation, heritable variation is caused by changes in genetic material and can be passed on to offspring; Variation caused by environmental changes is a non-hereditary variation that cannot be passed on to future generations Heredity and variation are the basic characteristics of organisms, and genetic stability is the basis for the survival of organisms, and it is also the basis for the stability of species, maintaining the continuity of the species The reproduction of organisms is not simply replicating itself, but in producing new trapped mimic life that is different from the parents, and mutation increases the diversity within the species Heredity and variation are the material basis of natural selection and one of the prerequisites for biological evolution Natural selection is based on heredity and variation, without variation there would be no diversity of organisms, and there would be no object of selection, and there would be no evolution of organisms; If there is no heredity, organisms cannot continue to reproduce, and natural selection will lose its meaning It is precisely because organisms have the characteristics of heredity and variation that natural selection can become the driving force for biological evolution The significance of biological variation in biological evolution is that new types of organisms will emerge from heritable favorable variations, so that organisms can continue to evolve from simple to complex, from low to high

Example of "all living things have hereditary and mutated properties":

A pig gives birth to nine sons, and each of the nine sons is different.

Nine sons are all pigs - heredity.

The nine sons are different - mutations.

A genetic phenomenon controlled by genetic material in the cytoplasm (mitochondria and chloroplasts). (Nuclear inheritance follows Mendel's laws of inheritance, cytoplasmic inheritance does not.) The genetic material of both is DNA. ）

Genetic and mutation are prevalent in the biological world. Heredity refers to the phenomenon of passing on traits from organisms to the next generation, that is, the phenomenon that certain traits between offspring and parents show similarity.

Heredity refers to the phenomenon that the traits of organisms are passed on to the next generation, that is, the phenomenon that some traits between the offspring and the parents show similarities Heredity is realized through reproduction on the basis of metabolism, that is, the genetic material of the parents is transmitted to the next generation through reproduction, so that the offspring have part of the genetic material of the parents, and the genetic material determines the traits, so that the offspring show some traits of the parents Any kind of organism wants to be afraid of branches and reproduction to the next generation, it is inseparable from reproduction, and it is inseparable from the transmission of genetic material; The genetic material of most organisms is DNA, and the genetic material of very few organisms is RNA, but whether it is DNA or RNA, they can be passed on to the next generation through replication, so heredity is universal such as "sow beans and get beans, sow melons and get melons".

Variation refers to the differences in certain traits between the offspring of organisms and the offspring and between different individuals of the offspring, and the variation is divided into two types: heritable variation and non-heritable variation, the former is determined by the genetic material and can be passed on to the next generation, and the latter is not determined by the genetic material, but is related to the material environmental conditions and cannot be passed on to the next generation Although the genetic material of the parent can be passed on to the offspring through reproduction, However, the genetic material between the offspring and the parents and between the different individuals of the offspring is not exactly the same, as the saying goes, "a mother gives birth to nine sons, and the nine sons are different", which shows the universality of variation It can be seen that heredity is universal, and variation is also universal, so the phenomenon of heredity and variation is universal in the biological world.

This is to be said separately, heredity is through reproduction, including asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction; Variation is through genetic mutation (including chromosomal variation) and chromosomal recombination (genetic recombination) in sexual reproduction, genetic recombination is very important, this is the fastest and most common mutation mode of biological variation, and it is also a great significance for sexual reproduction to appear in the process of biological evolution.

Genes control the bai (traits) of organisms

The heredity and variation of organisms is achieved through reproduction and development.

For a detailed explanation, see this genus explanation.

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Examples of genetic phenomena:

In general, the nose is large and high and the nostrils are wide. If one of the parents has a straight nose, it is very likely that it will be passed on to the child.

Generally, if one of the parents has dimples, the remaining children generally have dimples.

Red-green color blindness, caused by an X-linked recessive gene, occurs in about 10% of males and less common in females. In men, the gene that causes color blindness comes from the mother, who is a person with color blindness or a carrier of the gene with normal vision. The color blindness gene does not come from the father because the father provides the Y chromosome.

Daughters of colorblind fathers are rarely colorblind, but are often carriers of the colorblind gene.

Isodominant inheritance, both genes are expressed. For example, sickle cell anemia; If a person has a normal gene and an abnormal gene at the same time, it is possible to produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin.

V-shaped hairline, generally speaking, if one parent has a V-shaped hairline, their child will also have a V-shaped hairline.

Examples of Variation:

Down syndrome, also known as congenital stupidity or Down syndrome, is a condition caused by a chromosomal abnormality (an extra chromosome 21). 60% of the children were aborted in the early stage of the fetus, and the survivors had obvious mental retardation, special facial features, growth and development disorders, and multiple malformations.

If you take vegetables to outer space, they will have obvious mutations when they return to Earth, and if they are larger, they will be larger.

The same wheat seeds are sown in different environments under different water and fertilizer conditions, and the fullness of the seeds is different.

The colors of roses are red, white, etc.

Dwarf rice plants appear in tall rice fields.