The reason for the division of the ruling group of the Qing Dynasty and the support of the Guangxu E

The reason for the division of the ruling circles of the Qing Dynasty was the emergence of conservative and reformist factions and the initial development of capitalism within the imperial court.

The reason why Emperor Guangxu supported the reform of the law was that Guangxu himself was a young man with progressive thinking and did not want to be the king of the country.

The "Dingguo is Edict" was issued, which was a declaration in the name of the emperor announcing the implementation of the reform, marking the beginning of the Wuxu reform.

Emperor Guangxu presided over the Wuxu Reform Law, which violated the interests of the feudal diehards, which was intolerable to the diehards headed by the Empress Dowager Cixi. The contradiction between change and immutability developed into a bloody struggle, and the movement for reform was defeated.

In general, in addition to strengthening the country, the change can also stabilize one's own emperor: Anonymous 2-17 21:28

I think you should look at the Hundred Pulpits, I've been paying attention to the Guangxu it talks about lately!

Promoting the division of the group: the contradiction between the reformers and the conservatives. Emperor Guangxu's reform: The opposition to the diehards, China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, made Guangxu determined not to be the king of the country.

The initial development of capitalism.

At the end of the 19th century, under the unprecedented national crisis, the top-down reform and self-help movement of the Qing Dynasty was carried out, with the aim of saving the country and making the country rich and strengthening the army. The reformers were led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, but the reform lasted only one hundred and three days before it failed, and there has been a lot of discussion in the academic circles about the reasons for the failure of the reform.

Pentecostal Variation. 1.Reform measures taken by the Restorationists.

On June 11, 1898, Emperor Guangxu officially announced the reform of the law, adopted the suggestions of the reformists, and issued a series of edicts and orders. The reform measures can be divided into four aspects, the first is the economic aspect, the establishment of the General Administration of Roads and Mines and the State Administration of Agriculture and Industry and Commerce, to encourage industrial development, to actively support private enterprises, to protect commercial and agricultural development, to reward the creation of inventions, and to protect patents; The second is the political aspect, allowing the majority of officials and people to write to the emperor and open up the way of speech; Streamlining the first organization and abolishing idle departments; Following the old practice of Kangxi and Qianlong, the "Maoqin Palace" was opened in the Forbidden City, and reformers were actively appointed to participate in the political power. Third, in the military aspect, the Green Battalion and the old, weak, sick and disabled soldiers have been abolished, regimental training and militia have been organized, and Western-style military training methods have been adopted.

Prepare for the establishment of a military academy, stop testing cold weapons such as bows and arrows, and change the test of guns; Finally, there is the educational and cultural aspect. The Beijing Normal University Hall was set up, the academies, Yixue, social studies, and ancestral temples were all changed to schools, and higher schools, middle schools, and primary schools were generally set up in all provinces. At the same time, it set up a special science hall to train various professional talents, sent people to study abroad to learn advanced foreign knowledge and technology, abolished the Bagu Wen in the imperial examination, changed the examination of politics, current affairs, economics and other contents, set up a translation bureau, translated foreign books, and rewarded translators.

Emperor Guangxu. 2.Reasonableness of these measures**.

Judging from the measures promulgated by the reformers, they are very much in line with the development trend of society and have great significance for promoting China's social progress, but why the reform of the law failed so quickly, we can analyze whether the measures taken by the reformers were reasonable in China at that time.

The reforms implemented during the reign of Emperor Guangxu are also known as the Wuxu Reform Law, and the main contents of the Wuxu Reform Law include:

1. In terms of politics, reform the administrative organs, abolish idle and overlapping institutions, and abolish the governors of Hubei, Guangdong, and Yunnan provinces;

Eliminate redundant personnel, clarify the rule of officials, and promote clean government; advocate writing to the emperor;

The bannermen were allowed to fend for themselves, and their privilege to be supported by the state was revoked.

2. In terms of economy, protect and reward agriculture, industry, commerce, transportation and mining, set up the State Administration of Agriculture and Industry and Commerce and the General Administration of Railways and Mines, and set up commerce bureaus in various provinces;

Advocate the establishment of industries and reward invention and creation; Pay attention to agricultural development, advocate Western reclamation, and establish new farms;

Extensive postal services and railways; In Shanghai, Hankou and other big cities, the establishment of business schools, business newspapers, the establishment of various organizations of chambers of commerce;

Reform the finances and prepare the state budget and final accounts.

3.In terms of military affairs, the old green battalion was reduced and the new army was retrained.

Adopt the Western military system, practice foreign exercises, Western guns, etc. 4.In terms of culture and education, the Beijing Normal University Hall was established, the provincial academies were changed to higher education halls, and primary and secondary schools were set up in various places.

Advocate Western learning, abolish the eight shares, change the trial strategy, and open a special economic department;

set up a translation bureau to translate foreign books and send people to study abroad;

Reward new books, reward the creation of newspapers and periodicals, and allow the free organization of societies.

There are four major specific reform measures in the law.

The measures taken by Emperor Guangxu to implement the reform of the law mainly include:

Economically, the establishment of the Bureau of Agriculture and Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Roads and Mines, and the promotion of the establishment of industries; building railways and mining deposits; organizing chambers of commerce; Reform the finances. Politically, the way of speech is widened, and the people are allowed to write and talk about things; The green battalion was eliminated and the new army was formed.

Culturally, the eight shares are abolished and the West is revived; Founded the Jingshi University Hall; Set up a translation bureau to send international students; Reward scientific works and inventions. The purpose of these innovative decrees was to learn from Western culture, science and technology, and management systems, develop capitalism, establish a constitutional monarchy, and make the country rich and strong.

After the First Sino-Japanese Naval War, the situation at home and abroad continued to deteriorate, and the great powers set off a frenzy to carve up China. Within the Qing court, the death of Prince Gong in 1898 complicated the struggle of various political factions. In the face of internal and external difficulties, the young Guangxu Emperor was unwilling to be the king of the country, and under the instigation of the reformers, he decided to change the law and try to become stronger.

In many people's inherent concepts, the reform was a struggle between the reformists represented by Guangxu and the conservative faction represented by Cixi. But in fact, at the beginning of the reform, the Empress Dowager Cixi did not oppose it, and even supported the reform. Before the reform and reform, the Empress Dowager Cixi once told Emperor Guangxu that "it is advisable to focus on Western studies today and declare it clearly."

After the Empress Dowager Cixi expressed her attitude, there was the edict of the Guangxu Emperor to change the law, "Ming Dingguo Is". It can be said that without the support of the Empress Dowager Cixi, it would have been impossible to initiate the reform of the law.

The original intention of the reform was to try to be strong, but in the process of implementation, there was no distinction between priority and priority, and the young Guangxu Emperor was eager to correct all the bad habits of thousands of years in one night. In just three months, Emperor Guangxu promulgated hundreds of edicts, which covered a wide range of issues and covered all levels of the country, but there was no distinction between priority and priority, how to implement so many decrees? Again, it is not clearly stated.

1. The fundamental reason why Emperor Guangxu supported the reform of the law was that the national crisis was further deepened, and the reform was used to strengthen itself. He did not support the reform of the law in order to turn China into a bourgeois state.

2. The most fundamental political proposition of the reformers is to learn from Western ideology and culture, implement a constitutional monarchy, reform the education system, and demand the encouragement of the development of national industry and commerce. Emperor Guangxu himself was opposed to a constitutional monarchy.

3. Emperor Guangxu advocated the use of law changes to maintain the feudal political system and ideology and culture, and advocated that "middle school is the body, and Western learning is the use". The reformers advocated the development of capitalism in China, the establishment of civil rights, the establishment of a parliament, the implementation of a constitutional monarchy, the replacement of the feudal system with a capitalist form of government, and the replacement of feudal culture with capitalist culture.

Guangxu himself supported the Restoration, but he had no real power, depending on Cixi's attitude towards the Restoration, and Cixi admired the Westernists more, so Guangxu could only be the emperor of the Westernists.

The national crisis is getting deeper and deeper, and Kang Youwei has repeatedly written warnings.

The defeat of the imperialist powers in the First Sino-Japanese War set off a frenzy to carve up China, and when the nation was in danger, the young Guangxu Emperor was unwilling to be the king of the country, so he appointed Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and Tan Si to reform the reform faction.

Under the deepening of the national crisis and Kang Youwei's repeated warnings, in June 1898, Emperor Guangxu promulgated the edict of "Ming Dingguo Is", announcing the change of the law. This year is the year of Wuxu in the lunar calendar, also known as the Wuxu Change.

1. The main reason why Emperor Guangxu announced the change of the law was: the national crisis is getting deeper and deeper, and Kang Youwei has repeatedly written warnings.

2. The content of the change.

The Wuxu Reform Law, also known as the Hundred Days Restoration and the Reform Law, refers to the political reform movement carried out by the reformists through Emperor Guangxu from June 11 to September 21, 1898, advocating learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry, and commerce.

Emperor Guangxu issued a series of changes in accordance with the methods proposed by Kang Youwei. The contents of this reform include economic, military, cultural, educational, and political aspects. Its main contents are:

development of agriculture, industry and commerce; training new army and navy; Establish newspapers and periodicals and open up speech; Set up a new type of school to cultivate talents. At the same time, it was stipulated that in the future, the eight-strand document would be abolished in the imperial examinations, and redundant yamen and useless official posts would be abolished.

3. The role of the law change and its historical significance.

1) Function: It has played a role in ideological enlightenment in the society and is conducive to the progress of society.

2) Historical significance: The Wuxu Reform Law is a patriotic salvation movement and an ideological emancipation movement. It is a progressive political reform movement, which is in line with the historical trend of modern China's development.

It was an ideological enlightenment movement, which disseminated the new culture and ideas of the bourgeoisie and criticized the old culture and ideas of feudalism. It laid the foundation for the spread of bourgeois ideas, which was conducive to the development of capitalism and the spread of Western science and technology. It is very beneficial for capitalism to participate in political power, develop the capitalist economy, and spread capitalist ideas.

4. The reasons for the failure of the change.

1) The reform violated the interests of the feudal diehards led by the Empress Dowager Cixi, and was strongly opposed by them, and the power of the diehards was too strong, which eventually led to the failure of the reform.

2) The reform path adopted by the reform was not in line with the national conditions of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Yes, to consolidate the rule of the Qing Dynasty by changing the political system and promoting the development of productive forces and production relations. is the most fundamental purpose.

In order to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, it was launched at about the same time as the Meiji Restoration in Japan, but due to the different rulers, the results could be different.

Yes, it was a political reform movement to better maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, including learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry, commerce, etc. It was royalist, unlike the Xinhai Revolution, which was designed to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Be. The Wuxu Reform Law was initiated by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao and other royalists, relying on the top-down reforms implemented by Emperor Guangxu. Although the significance of the reform is positive, its purpose is to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

It can be seen from the leader of the reform - Kang Youwei is a stubborn royalist.

The Wuxu Reform Law itself was a reform activity carried out by a small number of imperial families in the Qing Dynasty for the purpose of maintaining their own rule.

An option when the authorities were not desperate After all, loyalty was the mainstream thinking of the Chinese at that time.

The Wuxu Reform Law only wanted Guangxu to get rid of Cixi's rule and restore his imperial system.

The purpose of the Wuxu Reform Law was to enrich the country and strengthen the army, and effectively maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Yes, the Wuxu Reform Law refers to the bourgeois political reform carried out by the reformists led by Kang You through the Guangxu Emperor in 1898 (the year of Wuxu in the lunar calendar), and the main contents are: learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry, and commerce. This movement was strongly opposed by the conservative faction led by the Empress Dowager Cixi, who staged a coup d'état in September of that year, Guangxu was imprisoned, and the reformers were arrested or fled abroad.

The Wuxu Reform Law refers to the bourgeois political reform carried out by the reformists led by Kang You through the Guangxu Emperor in 1898, and was a political reform movement during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty in China (1898).

The main contents are: learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry, and commerce.

Purpose: To establish a constitutional monarchy in order to achieve the goal of salvation and survival.

The Westernization Movement wanted to make China rich and strong without touching the Qing ** way of rule, but this goal was not achieved. The disastrous defeat of China in the First Sino-Japanese War and the unprecedented severity of the ethnic crisis prompted people to further seek ways to save the country. As a result, a reform movement to save the people from peril was launched in the land of China.

In the spring of 1895, the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki reached the ears of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Jointly wrote to Emperor Guangxu. Oppose the peace and ask for a change in the law. Historically, it was called "Book on the Bus", which caused a sensation throughout the country and opened the prelude to the reform of the law.

Beginning on June 1, 1898, Emperor Guangxu successively promulgated a series of reform decrees according to the reform proposals of Kang Youwei and others. These laws and regulations are conducive to the development of capitalism and the spread of advanced Western culture, and also provide opportunities for the national bourgeoisie to participate in politics.

However, the reform movement failed. It lasted a total of 103 days. It reflects the will of the nation, conforms to the requirements of the development of the times, and marks the awakening of the Chinese nation.

The Western bourgeois ideas and theories actively advocated by the reformers struck at the feudal ideological and cultural shackles, played an important role in ideological enlightenment, and had an important impact on China's modernization process.