Can alkanes be defined as hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds in the molecule?

Alkane (wántīng), that is, saturated hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons), is a saturated hydrocarbon under hydrocarbons, and its overall structure is mostly composed of carbon, hydrogen, carbon-carbon single bonds and hydrocarbon single bonds, and it is also the simplest organic compound, and it can be subdivided into paraffins and naphthenes. Paranectoes are alkanes that are bonded by single bonds between carbon atoms to form chains (straight or branched, also known as side chains). Naphthenes refer to alkanes that contain aliphatic ring structures.

At room temperature, alkanes containing 1 4 carbon atoms are gases; At room temperature, alkanes containing 5 8 carbon atoms are liquid; Alkanes containing 8 16 carbon atoms can be solid or liquid; N-alkanes containing more than 17 carbon atoms are solid, but until the n-alkanes containing 60 carbon atoms (melting point 99), their melting point does not exceed 100. Alkanes with low boiling point are colorless liquids with special odors; High-boiling alkanes are viscous oily liquids that are odorless. Alkanes are non-polar molecules with zero dipole moments, but the distribution of charges in the molecules is not very uniform, and instantaneous dipole moments can be generated in motion, and there is an interaction force (dispersion force) between instantaneous dipole moments.

In addition, there are van der Waals forces between molecules, and the intermolecular forces are one or two orders of magnitude smaller than the chemical bonds, and the energy required to overcome these forces is also low, so the melting and boiling points of general organic compounds rarely exceed 300. The boiling point of n-alkanes increases with the relative molecular mass because the energy required for molecular motion increases, as does the contact surface between molecules (i.e., the interaction force). For each increase of CH2 in the lower alkanes, the relative molecular weight changes greatly, the boiling point is also quite different, and the difference between the higher alkanes is small, so the lower alkanes are easier to separate, and the higher alkanes are much more difficult to separate.

In isomers, the molecular structure is different, the molecular contact area is different, and the interaction force is also different, the n-pentane boiling point, 2-methylbutane boiling point 25, 2, 2-dimethylpropane boiling point is only 9. Due to the steric hindrance of the forked chain, the molecules of the fork chain cannot be as close as n-alkanes, and the intermolecular force is small and the boiling point is low. The melting point of solid molecules also increases with the increase of relative molecular weight, which is related to the mass size and intermolecular force, and also related to the arrangement of molecules in the crystal lattice.

In n-alkanes, alkanes with a single number of carbon atoms have less melting point increases than those with a double number of carbon atoms. According to the X-ray diffraction method, the solid n-alkane crystal is zigzag, and the two ends of the methyl group are on the same side in the dentate chain of the singular carbon atoms, such as n-pentane, and the two end methyl groups are not on the same side in the double number carbon chain, such as n-hexane, the double carbon chain is closer to each other and has a large interaction force, so the elevated value of the melting point is larger than that of the singular carbon chain. <>

The density of alkanes increases with the increase of relative molecular weight, which is also the result of intermolecular interactions. Compared with paraffins with an equal number of carbon atoms, naphthenes have a higher boiling point, melting point, and density. This is because chain-shaped compounds can be shaken relatively freely, intermolecularly"Pull"It is not tight and volatile, so the boiling point is lower.

Due to this shaking, it is difficult to make an orderly arrangement in the crystal lattice, so the melting point is also lower. Due to the absence of ring containment, the arrangement of the chain compound is also looser than that of the ring compound, so the density is also lower. Isomers and cis-trans isomers also have different physical properties.

The following table shows the physical constants for a number of alkanes and naphthenes. <>

Summary. Hello, the hydrocarbon containing the carbon-carbon triple bond in the molecule is called alkyne, and the hydrocarbon containing the three carbon-carbon single bond is called triolefin.

Hello, the hydrocarbon containing the carbon-carbon triple bond in the molecule is called alkyne, and the hydrocarbon containing the three carbon-carbon single bond is called triolefin.

Its general formula is: CNH3N-3

Its general formula is: CNH3N-3

Extended Information; Alkyne, a general term for hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds in the molecule, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and simple alkyne compounds include acetylene (C2H2), propyne (C3H4), etc. Acetylene is used as a raw material for welding.

All the chemical bonds in the alkane molecule are single bonds, there are carbon-carbon double bonds in the alkene molecule, and there are carbon-carbon triple bonds in the alkyne molecule, so the answer is: false

1.Because hydrocarbons containing double or triple bonds are easy to crack or add to the gods, while the valence bonds between alkyl carbons and carbons are saturated, the reaction tendency is not large.

2.Because alkenes need electrons (see the electronic formula of liquid alkenes), while alkyl groups generally have extra electrons, they can provide a relatively stable structure with each other.

3.The proportion of hydrocarbons in the alkyl group is lower than that of the alkene group, and the more alkyl groups there are, the lower the proportion of hydrocarbons. The lower the proportion of hydrocarbons in organic matter, the more stable the substance tends to be.

c alkane molecules, whether they are carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds, are single bonds, which is correct; Alkanes are saturated chain hydrocarbons, their chemical properties are generally relatively stable, usually alkanes do not react with acids, alkalis, oxidants (such as acidic KMNO4 solution), and can not fade bromine water, which is incorrect; Because of the molecular formula CN H2N

The hydrogen atom in 2 has reached complete saturation, so the organic matter conforming to the general formula cn h2n 2 must be alkanes, which is incorrect; Alkanes can substitute with chlorine under light, which is one of the main characteristics of alkanes, and it is true.

a. The four covalent bonds formed by the carbon atoms in the alkane molecule are all single bonds, and the alkanes formed are saturated chain hydrocarbons, and each carbon atom forms four single bonds, so a is correct;

b. The general formula of the molecule is CN H2N+2 hydrocarbon, and the valence bond that satisfies the carbon atom is that all the single bonds formed in the molecule are saturated hydrocarbons, so it must be alkanes, so B is correct;

c. The structure of alkanes determines the chemical properties, and the carbon atoms are saturated, so they cannot fade the KMno4 (H+) solution, so C is wrong;

d. The general property of alkanes is that the hydrogen atoms on the saturated carbon atoms have a substitution reaction with chlorine under certain conditions, so the alkanes can have a substitution reaction with chlorine under light conditions, so d is correct;

Therefore, C

In the lower crack chalie molecule, it is () that indicates the annihilation of alkanes

Correct Answer: Wanton Alter Eggplant C

Hello, it is a pleasure to serve you and give you the following answer: The hydrocarbon groups contain single electrons because one of the electrons in their atom is attracted to a covalent bond, thus making their electron pair unbalanced. This unbalanced electron pair causes the electron state of the hydrocarbon group to become unstable, thus making their electron pair unstable, thus making their electron pair thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, Thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable, thus making their electron pairs unstable.

Hello, it is a pleasure to serve you and give you the following answer: A hydrocarbon group is a carbon atom with a single electron, which is the most important building block in organic chemistry. The single electron of the hydrocarbon group is due to the fact that their carbon atom has four bonds and each bond can only carry one electron, so they can only carry one electron.

The reason for the silver dust problem is that the single electron of the hydrocarbon group cannot meet the requirements of the organic chemical reaction, so problems will arise during the reaction. The solution is to meet the requirements of organic chemical reactions by changing the structure of the hydrocarbon group so that it has two electrons. Steps:

1.First, the structure of the hydrocarbon group needs to be determined to determine whether it has double electrons or not. 2.

Secondly, if the hydrocarbon group has only one electron, then it needs to change its structure so that it has two electrons. 3.Finally, organic chemical reactions can be used to change the structure of the hydrocarbon group so that it has double electrons.

Personal tip: When performing organic chemical reactions, pay attention to the structure of hydrocarbon-based Fengzai Zen and ensure that it has double electrons to meet the requirements of the reaction.