What is the development of Liturgy?

"Rites" was originally called "Rites", the Han Dynasty was also called "Shili", "Book of Rites", after the Jin Dynasty called "Rites", it is the earliest surviving book to record ancient etiquette.

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, 17 articles of "Etiquette" were handed down by Lu Gaotangsheng, which were divided into Da Dai (Dai De), Xiao Dai (Dai Sheng), and Qingpu in the Western Han Dynasty. In 1959, Wuwei, Gansu Province excavated a number of "Shili" copied on wooden tablets in the Han Dynasty, which belonged to the Qingpu biography and provided an important reference for the study of "Rites". The "Rites" that have been handed down to this day are the same as the "Rites" of the Western Han Dynasty scholars, all of which are 17 articles, including the Shiguan Ceremony, the Dusk Ceremony, the Shixiang Seeing Ceremony, the Township Drinking Ceremony, the Township Shooting Ceremony, the Yan Ceremony, the Great Shooting Ceremony, the Dowry Ceremony, the Public Food Doctor Ceremony, the Hajj Ceremony, the Mourning Dress Ceremony, the Scholar Funeral Ceremony, the Xi Xi Ceremony, the Shiyu Ceremony, the Special Animal Feeding Ceremony, the Shaojiao Feeding Ceremony, and the Si Che.

In addition, according to the record of "Hanshu Art and Literature", there are 56 articles of "Ancient Classics of Rites", which are ancient texts "Book of Rites", of which 17 articles are basically the same as the current "Book of Rites", and the other 39 articles are called "Yili" in the Han Dynasty, which have been lost. In addition to Zheng Note and Jia Shu in the Commentary on the Thirteen Classics, Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Book of Rites in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Erqi's Reading of the Commentary on the Rites of Etiquette, Ling Tingkan's Interpretation of the Book of Rites, and Hu Peihuang's Justice on Etiquette are all important works.

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.The history of the development of etiquette can be roughly divided into eight periods: the embryonic period of etiquette, the initial period of etiquette, the formation period, the development and transformation period, the strengthening period, the decline period, the modern etiquette period and the contemporary etiquette period. The formation and development of etiquette has gone through a gradual process from scratch, from low to high, from scattered to complete.

1) The embryonic period of the liturgy (50,000 BC - 10,000 BC).

2) The Origin of Ritual and the Period of Primitive Society, in the history of primitive society that lasted for more than 1 million years, human beings gradually became enlightened. In the middle and late Paleolithic periods of primitive societies, the germ of early rituals appeared.

3) The Beginning of the Rite (10,000 BC – 22nd Century BC).

Around 10,000 B.C., humans entered the Neolithic period, and not only were they able to make fine polished stone tools, but also began to engage in agriculture and animal husbandry. In the millennia that followed, primitive rituals took shape.

4) The formative period of the liturgy (21st century BC - 771 BC).

From about the 21st century BC to 771 BC, China entered the Bronze Age from the era of gold and stone. The use of metals has brought agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicraft production to a new level. With the improvement of living standards, social wealth was surplus except for consumption and gradually concentrated in the hands of a few, so class antagonism appeared, and primitive society disintegrated.

The Xia Dynasty from the 21st century BC to the 15th century BC began from the period of primitive Chinese society.

2.There are generally five kinds of ritual origins: one is the birth of the gods of rituals, the second is the unity of heaven, earth and man, the third is that rituals arise from the natural nature of man, the fourth is the product of the contradiction between human nature and the environment, and the fifth is that rituals are born from reason and originate from the vulgar.

What is etiquette, etiquette is etiquette and rituals. The essence of ritual is the way to govern people, and it is a derivative of the belief in ghosts and gods. People believe that everything is manipulated by invisible ghosts and gods, and performing rituals is to curry favor with ghosts and gods, so rituals originate from ghost and god beliefs, and it is also a special form of manifestation of ghost and god beliefs.

Several stages of the origin and development of Chinese etiquette.

the embryonic period of the liturgy (50,000 BC, 10,000 BC);

the Beginning of the Liturgy (c. 10,000 BC to 22nd century BC);

the formative period of the liturgy (c. 21st century BC to 771 BC);

the period of development and transformation of the liturgy (c. 770 BCE, 221 BC);

the period of strengthening and decline of the liturgy (221 BC to 1911);

the modern liturgical period (1911, 1949);

Contemporary liturgical period (1949 present).

China is a country of etiquette, with a long history, and it was a famous country of etiquette in ancient times.

There are different theories about the origin of rites. To sum up, there are five origin theories: first, the gods are born of rituals; the second is the unity of heaven, earth and man; The third is that etiquette arises from the natural nature of human beings; Fourth, etiquette is the product of the contradiction between human nature and the environment; Fifth, etiquette is born from reason and originates from the vulgar.

01.The initial development of the liturgy.

Before the Xia Dynasty (before the 21st century BC), the earliest religious activities - worshipping the ancestors of heaven, earth, ghosts and gods, were the earliest forms of rituals. The etiquette of this period was still relatively simple, and there was no system.

02 .The formation of liturgy.

At this stage, China formed a relatively complete national etiquette and system for the first time. Ancient ritual classics were also written in this period, such as the Zhou Dynasty's "Zhou Rites", "Rites" and "Rites" are the earliest etiquette monographs in China. In the more than 2,000 years of history after the Han Dynasty, they have been the classic works of the state to formulate the etiquette system, known as the Book of Rites.

03 .A change in etiquette.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (771 BC to 221 BC), Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi attached great importance to etiquette.

04 .Reinforcement of etiquette.

By the Qin and Han dynasties to the end of the Qing Dynasty (221 BC and 1911 AD), etiquette was a tool for maintaining the hierarchical order of feudal society.