What was the railway like during the Qing Dynasty, which was actually declared to be completed after

The Qing Dynasty made a lot of contributions to China's railway industry and was the beginning of China's railways. From the completion of the Tangxu Railway in 1881 to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, more than 9,000 kilometers of railways have been built in the country.

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the British built a railway in Shanghai, the Wusong Railway, which was the first railway in China. However, after the construction of this railway, it was demolished by the Qing **. The reason is also very funny, because at that time, the Qing Dynasty had been oppressed by the Western powers, and they were cutting land and paying compensation, and they dared not speak out, so they started on this section of the railway.

It is said that this railway was built by the British without the permission of the imperial court, so in the end it was demolished at a great cost.

It was not until the seventh year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty that the Qing Dynasty began to build its own railway, the Tangxu Railway. Although it is said that it was built by itself, it is still inseparable from the technical guidance and help of the British. But when it came time to open to traffic, people were dumbfounded.

The road is a railway, but the train is not the train we know. Have you ever seen a mule or horse hauling a train on a track? That's what the Qing Dynasty did at that time!

Just because they were worried that if they were pulled by a locomotive, it would be too loud and would affect the nearby Qing Emperor's Mausoleum. That's why this section of the railway is nicknamed again"Horse-drawn carriage railway"。

In the late Qing Dynasty, a railway expert appeared in China, that is, Zhan Tianyou, who we are very familiar with. We now call him "the father of China's railways" and "the father of China's modern engineering". Under his leadership, China designed and built its first railway, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.

During the Qing Dynasty, the railway was very rudimentary, and it was not really built until the final destruction, which shows the corruption and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty.

The only way for social development was that at that time, because of the ignorant thinking of the Qing Dynasty and ordinary people, there was a great obstacle to building the railway.

The successive completion of the Tangxu Railway, the Tangyan Railway, and the Tanglu Railway does not seem to have "damaged the crops and shook the tombs", but brought huge benefits.

The construction of the railway was very expensive, and the state could not come up with so much money for a while, so it could not be built at that time. Later, Liu Kun suggested borrowing from foreign countries, as well as issuing ** to foreign businessmen to raise funds, and using foreign capital to build new railways, and finally officially built the railway.

At that time, a lot of money in the Qing Dynasty treasury was occupied by the royal family, and there was not a lot of money to build the railway, so it was never built.

Because the construction of the railway required a lot of money, the state could not come up with such a large amount of money for a while, and at that time opponents used the phrase: "Smoke hurts the crops and shakes the tombs." ", gag the mouths of supporters who want to build the railway. The technology is relatively backward, and there are too many buildings at one time.

The railways built during the Qing Dynasty were all borrowed from foreign countries, and the Qing court did not allow steam engines to be used on the railways, and they could only be pulled by human or animals, which is very strange.

The railways at that time were incomparable with the current railways, and the Qing Dynasty was empty of national strength at that time, and there was not a lot of money to build railways.

With the development of the Westernization Movement, the Qing Dynasty built the railway at the repeated request of Li Hongzhang and others, but limited to the ban of the Qing court not allowing the use of steam engines on the railway, there was once a ridiculous act of transporting workers using donkeys and horses to slide coal carts on the railway.

This was mainly due to the lack of money in the Qing Dynasty treasury at that time, and there was not so much money to build this railway.

Sino-Japanese War. After clearing**.

He was defeated by Japan and had to sign the "Treaty of Shimonoseki", which humiliated the country

The defeat of this war not only dealt a heavy blow to the country's economy and military, but also exposed the essence of the Qing Dynasty's external strength and internal weakness. In this context, great powers and states are vying to further encroach on their interests in China. Among the many means and methods used by foreign powers to obtain benefits, one is noteworthy, and that is the construction of railways.

As we all know, railway construction is one of the major infrastructure projects of the country. At that time, with the national and financial resources of the Qing Dynasty, building railways was a luxury. At this time, the great powers were fighting for the right to build a railway in the Qing Dynasty.

Will the Great Congress be kind enough to help Qing ** build infrastructure? There is not the slightest mercy for the aggressive aggressors, there is only mercenary. It seems that the greed of the great powers is very obvious, and it is not difficult to discern this.

However, unexpectedly, under the banner of "helping the Qing **", the Great Powers began their plan of plundering the railway. Among them, the country that is most enthusiastic about all this is Russia. According to the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Qing Dynasty needed to transfer the Liaodong Peninsula.

Ceded to Japan. For long-term concerns about Manchuria.

This is not good news for Russia. In particular, the port of Arthur in Liaodong, a rare ice-free port in Manchuria, has long made Russia salivate. <>

If Japan arrives first, it will be much more troublesome to go later. Therefore, Russia came out to win over its ally France and Germany, which also wanted to seize interests in East Asia. The three countries jointly intervened to return Liaodong to the Qing Dynasty, on the condition that the Qing ** compensate Japan 32 million**.

Obviously, this is a major failure in the history of Japanese diplomacy. The unconvinced Japanese provoked the Russo-Japanese War.

Of course, that's another story. How can a mere 32 million silver be compared with the ruling power of Liaodong, and be able to regain the ruling power of Liaodong, the Qing ** is naturally overjoyed. However, some of the Qing wrongly believed that Russia was a friend and could be relied upon, including Li Hongzhang.

Zhang Zhidong and other celebrities with trembling eyes. <>

The purpose of the great powers in helping us to build the railway is obviously to further control China and control the Qing Dynasty, on the one hand, to speed up the pace of plundering the capital belt Bichayuan, and on the other hand, to further deploy troops and send Huifan to better oppress China with force.

Railways are an essential infrastructure for modernization, and they are particularly important for the development of the country. But for the foreign powers, they are not so kind, that is, they hope to further dismantle China's rule through railways, and further develop China's mineral resources.

Moreover, the speed of the railway troop transfer is unattainable by the traditional infantry advancing on foot, which can also facilitate the further control of the Qing Dynasty by the foreign powers.

Because at that time, after the Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan, other countries also wanted to invade China, so they all wanted to help China build railways, and they were all vying for the right of the Qing Dynasty to repair and build railways in the spring, which could speed up their seizure of Chinese property on Chinese soil.

Because in this way, the speed of invasion of China can be strengthened, Feng Ying can then snatch the property of the Chinese on Chinese soil, can rob crops, and then can also invade at will on Chinese soil, and can deprive all Chinese porcelain or piki to reburn silk, which can strengthen cultural invasion.

As everyone knows, railway construction is one of the major national infrastructure projects. At that time, with the national and financial resources of the Qing Dynasty, building railways was a luxury. At this time, the great powers were fighting for the right to build a railway in the Qing Dynasty.

The main thing is to seize the right to use the railway, to carry out the corresponding aggression, to covet the profits in it, to ensure the development of the great powers, and to create a lot of profits for the countries of the great powers.

It won't be well-intentioned anyway, there is no love for no reason, and there is no hate for no reason.

The first reason is that in the First Sino-Japanese War, China was defeated on all fronts and set a record for the largest amount of reparations in the history of human warfare, which was an unprecedented shame for China. Compared to the long supply lines of the Japanese across the ocean, the Qingshu Kanto Railway of the Great Qing Dynasty could have played a huge role in wartime, but this railway was only built from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan. It was generally believed in the imperial court that if the construction of the railway had been improved, the outcome of the war might not have been like this.

The second reason is that the construction of the railway in the Qing Dynasty was about 9,400 kilometers. Among them, about 41 percent were directly built and operated by imperialism, and about 39 percent were controlled by imperialism through loans, and state-owned railways, including the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and the commercial railway, which were built by China on its own initiative, and the Jinghan, Guangzhou-3 and other railways that were redeemed.

The railways of the Qing Dynasty were built by the Longhai Railway by borrowing money from foreign countries and built by the Chinese.

In March 1904, the Longhai Railway began to be explored, and in October 1905, ground was broken. By December 1909, the first section of the Longhai Railway, the entire Bianluo Railway was completed, with a total length of 183 kilometers, followed by. Construction began in 1910.

The second section of the Longhai Railway. It is connected to Luoyang County, Henan. Luotong Railway with Tongguan, Shaanxi.

At this time, the Qing Dynasty was already in turmoil. Entering the final stage. On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising.

for the flag. Revolution.

Detonated nationwide. Thus burying the Qing Dynasty. On February 12, 1912, Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

Promulgate. For Uncle Zhao to draw an end to the Qing Dynasty. In this case. The construction of the Longhai Railway had to be stopped.

Most of our businessmen are in the majority.

There are few foreign ones, but there are capital contributions, or technology provision. There was once a wholly foreign-funded railway, which was expropriated and state-owned. [Of course, there is only one in my country from capital to technology, that is, Beijing and Zhangzhou].

Later, because of the contradiction between China's private capital and the Qing court, there was also the "Road Protection Movement". This cannot happen if foreign capital is in the majority.

In the year when Zhan Tianyou chose the railway, the Qing Dynasty ordered the demolition of China's first operating railway: the Wusong Railway.

One day in 1876, Shanghai citizens witnessed the train entering the city, and the citizens were stunned because the Chinese had never seen a train at that time. The railway was built by the British and was the first railway in China: the Wusong Railway.

However, this chaotic railway made the Qing court frightened, and the authorities redeemed the Wusong Railway from the British with 285,000 taels of silver on the grounds of "digging my mountains and rivers, destroying my fields, hindering my feng shui, and occupying the livelihood of our businessmen". From this, we can know that the ideology of the Qing ** is backward and corrupt.

Extended training materials

Background of the construction of the first railway:

China's railway construction began at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and after more than a century of construction and development, as of 2019, the total operating mileage of China's railways has reached more than 10,000 kilometers, ranking second in the world. Among them, there are nearly 30,000 kilometers of high-speed railways, ranking first in the world, and the national railway double-track rate and electrification rate have reached 57% and 67% respectively, ranking second and first in the world respectively.

In China, railways are an important national infrastructure and a popular means of transportation, and are in a key position in China's comprehensive transportation system. China has a vast territory, a large population, and uneven distribution of resources, so economical and fast railways generally have greater advantages and have become a widely used mode of transportation.

China's first small railway - In 1865, British businessman Durand built a one-mile-long "exhibition railway" along the moat outside the Xuanwu Gate in Beijing, which was the earliest railway in China.

Soon, the Qing rulers ordered it to be demolished on the grounds that "the spectators were horrified".

Strictly speaking, this does not yet count as a railway in the true sense of the word.

China's first commercial railway - in 1876, Shanghai Jardine Matheson British businessmen in Shanghai without the consent of the Qing **, the use of deception to build in Shanghai, unauthorized construction of the Songhu Railway (from Wu Liao to Shanghai), in July 1876 completed and opened to traffic, a total length of 15 kilometers, operating for more than a year, this is the earliest passenger and freight transport business in China The first railway.

Later, the Qing ** redeemed it with 280,000 taels of white filial piety silver, and all of them were redeemed and demolished by the Qing **.

The Tangxu Railway, built by the Chinese themselves, and the Tangshan-Xugezhuang Railway, which began to be built in 1881, were the first railways that were truly successful and preserved for practical application, thus opening the prelude to China's independent construction of railways.

There is also one of the most famous railways, hours of Chinese textbooks to go to:

The first railway trunk independently designed and built by Tuanhu in China - Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway (Fengtai Liucun - Zhangjiakou).

Chief designer of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway: Zhan Tianyou (1861---1919), a native of Wuyuan, Jiangxi.

He is an outstanding patriotic engineer and railway engineering expert in my country.

Construction began in 1906 and was completed and opened to traffic in 1909.

In 1923, the Pingsui Railway and the Beijing-Baotou Railway (Beijing (Beiping)-Zhangjiakou-Baotou (Suiyuan)) were completed and opened to traffic.

Because of the Xinhai Revolution, the Qing Dynasty was destroyed in 1911, so the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the most famous and largest railway of the Qing Dynasty!

The first railway funded by overseas Chinese in China was the Chaozhou-Shantou Railway, which was built in 1905.

The above is the history of the famous railway of the Qing Dynasty!