How to measure and pay off the road and the basic knowledge of road measurement and pay off

First of all, before we go to the site, you need to move the axis that needs to be placed from the drawing, that is, the length and distance between the main axes are marked on the notebook, as long as the length and distance data are simple. The large axis is marked first, the long axis is marked, and the small axis is marked last. Note that this order is suitable for the same order in which you lay out in the future.

Not upside down. When you find the reference, that is, after the original point, you have to first set the big axis (that is, the longer and more important axis) and release it; Then according to the large axis, put the shorter axis. This reduces errors.

It is necessary to remember that the small axis is drawn from the large axis, that is, no matter how large the error of the instrument and the human eye is observed, the error reflected on the small axis will be very small, but if you do it and guide the large axis from the small axis, then no matter how small the error is reflected on the large axis, there will be obvious errors. For example, if you use a 30-meter axis to rotate at a 90-degree angle to release a 3-meter-long axis, and you observe that the other end of the 30-meter axis has an error of 30 mm, then the other end of the 3-meter axis will only have a deviation of 3 mm.

And with a 3-meter-long axis rotated at a 90-degree angle to release a 30-meter-long axis, if you observe the error of 3 mm at the other end of the 3-meter axis in the instrument, then there will be a 30 mm deviation at the other end of the 30-meter axis. Therefore, the deviation of each person is different when the small axis leads to the large axis, and the measurement effect of everyone is similar when the small axis is used to guide the small axis, which is a simple geometric problem, but it is also the most important problem.

When setting off the line, the above two steps solve the problem of speed and sequence, so the third step is to pay attention to one more step, and you have to read twice for each observation reading. If there is no big error, it is good. If the error is large twice, then the steps of this reading must be repeated, and the reading will be re-read when the correction is corrected.

This is the only way to ensure that your measurement pay-off data is available. It is important to remember that there is a danger of one wrong measurement and ten wrong steps in construction.

Precautions. It should be noted that in the future, it is best to put the line in the same part to ensure accuracy.

Accurate use of grid lines, less accurate use of eyes and hands, some people practice a unique skill, with eyes and hands can release a very beautiful circular curve.

1. Project positioning and pay-off method.

2. According to the plane shape of the project, it is decided to adopt rectangular net control.

3. According to the plane shape of this project, it is suitable for the use of polygonal on-site control network.

4. Take the longitudinal and horizontal main axis of the project as the axis of the on-site control network to form the on-site control network.

5. During the earthwork excavation, for the determination of the elevation, a special person is responsible for the method of measuring with excavation.

6. Elevation measurement method in basement construction stage.

7. Key points of external control method construction.

8. The control of verticality adopts the hanging wire pendant method.

9. Elevation measurement method of part structure.

10. The axis is transmitted by the collimation method of the trapped zenith.

11. The construction laser measuring instrument is used for vertical transmission of the axis.

12. Positioning and pay-off of the building.

13. The elevation is transmitted by the nadir collimation method.

14. Vertical transmission of the axis.

15. Basic measures for deformation observation.

16. Observation of the impact on adjacent buildings.

17. Observation of the settlement of the base of the construction tower crane.

18. Observation of the displacement and deformation of high-rise buildings by sunshine.

19. When the project is completed, the settlement observation provides the following results.

20. For the safety of the foundation construction stage, grasp the deformation of the retaining body in time and monitor the retaining body.

21. Establish a plane control network and an elevation control network.

22. Burial and protection of control piles.

23. Foundation construction survey.

24. Structural construction survey.

After receiving the construction positioning drawing, the construction unit should first review the coordinates on the drawings to ensure the correctness of the design drawings. After entering the site, contact the construction unit to make an appointment and let the planning bureau send the piles on site. At this time, the full-time surveyor of the construction unit can ask the personnel of the planning bureau to give two coordinate points outside the site.

Generally will give good communication.

According to the coordinates given by the Planning Bureau, the full-time surveyor Wang Shudong will adjust the coordinates of the construction positioning drawings on the CAD, and then plug in to mark other points that need to be lofting, and directly use the total station for on-site lofting.

Before the pay-off of the unit project, the on-site control coordinate network and leveling point should be established to facilitate the pay-off work of the project of each unit.

<> Leather Feast.

The measurement pay-off of the curve tunnel is divided into two parts:

The first is the positioning measurement of the center line of the tunnel. Generally, the wire method is used to introduce the tunnel from the control network outside the cave. In order to ensure the positioning accuracy of the center line, the long tunnel generally adopts composite wires.

The second is the stakeout of the tunnel excavation section. Locate the center of the tunnel face according to the center line of the tunnel, and then release the excavation contour line according to the cross-sectional drawing.

1. The design institute will hand over GPS points, elevation points, ask for curve elements, and vertical curve elements. (Conditional retest GPS).

2. The inspection of the instrument (go to a qualified instrument verification agency, there is a verification report) The total station, level, and tower ruler are all sent.

3. Review drawing structures, elevations, simple mathematical calculations.

4. Select the position of the wire point and bury the wire point (there is a cross at the head of the reinforcement, and the concrete is buried). Start measuring the traverse (measuring the horizontal angle, calculating the traverse coordinates for the distance adjustment), leveling points (you know).

5. The results of the level adjustment meet the specifications and are submitted to the supervisor for signature.

6 Begin to prepare for construction surveys.

The method of positioning and pay-off, the standard practice of masonry measurement and pay-off, adopts the double control wire connection method.