How to change the direction of rotation of a DC motor

The commutation of a DC motor refers to the process of changing the direction of the current in the rotating armature winding element from one branch through the brush to the other branch (referred to as commutation).

The rotation principle of the asynchronous motor is to form a rotating magnetic field in the stator winding, and the direction of the rotating magnetic field determines the steering of the motor. The direction of rotation of the motor can be changed simply by changing the direction of the rotating magnetic field. As long as the phase sequence of the three-phase motor is changed, the direction of the rotating magnetic field can be changed, which also changes the forward and reverse rotation of the three-phase motor.

Whereas, a single-phase motor is resisted by a split-phase element, a capacitor, or the coil itself. The single-phase phase is divided into two-phase electricity with a phase difference of less than 90°. The main winding represents one phase of electricity and the secondary winding represents another phase of electricity.

Therefore, the single-phase motor is essentially a 'two-phase motor'.

If you want to change the steering of the single-phase motor, you can only change the connection form of the main and auxiliary windings, and the head and tail of the main winding can be reversed, or the head and tail of the auxiliary winding can be reversed, and the rotation direction of the single-phase motor can be changed.

The polarity of the variable armature voltage, or the polarity of the excitation.

You can change the polarity of the armature voltage, or change the polarity of the excitation.

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Just swap the two wires of the excitation.

There are two ways to change the direction of rotation of a DC motor:

1. Change the direction of the magnetic field.

2. Change the direction of the current (i.e., change the positive and negative poles of the power supply).

If the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field change together, then the direction of rotation of the DC motor does not change. The principle of a DC motor is to change the direction of the current in the coil, and a commutator can be installed to achieve the purpose.

Depending on the type of motor, the method of changing the direction is also different, and the specific method is as follows:

1. Split-phase motor.

The structure of this type of motor has two sets of coils, one is the running coil and the other is the starting coil with high resistance. Reversing the two ends of either set of coils causes the motor to rotate in the opposite direction.

2. Push-reject motor.

The structure of this type of motor has a set of armature coils, a commutator and a set of brush grips, this motor is about the same as a DC motor, except that the brushes are short-circuited by a centrifugal switch. The direction of rotation of the motor can usually be changed by moving the relative position of the brush on the commutator.

3. Shaded pole motor.

This type of motor has only one set of coils connected to the AC power supply, so the rotation direction of the motor cannot be changed by reversing the wire end. Usually, the stator core is taken out and reversed in one direction to reverse the motor.

4. Ordinary series motor.

This motor can change the direction of rotation of the motor by simply changing the power cord of the armature or magnetic field, and the principle is the same as changing the direction of a series DC motor.

An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It uses an energized coil to generate a rotating magnetic field and acts on the rotor to form magnetoelectric kinetic rotational torque. The motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor, and the direction of the energized wire in the magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic inductance line.

The working principle of the motor is the effect of the magnetic field on the current force, which makes the motor rotate.