Why are electrons negatively charged and atoms positively charged or negatively charged?

When the positive and negative charges were originally stipulated, it was stipulated that the charge carried by the glass rubbed with fur was positive, and the charge carried by fur was negative. The property of the charge carried by the proton is the same as that of the glass rubbed by the fur, so the charge carried by it is positive, and the same goes for it

The charge carried by an electron is the same as that carried by a fur, so its charge is negative.

There are only two types of electricity that exist in nature. It is stipulated that the point of the glass rod that has been rubbed with silk is called positive electricity, which is represented by the symbol "+"; The electricity carried by a rubber rod rubbed with fur is called negative electricity, which is represented by the symbol "—".

Positive electricity is generated by a positive charge, and in an atom it is the protons that make up the nucleus; Negative electricity is generated by a negative charge, which in an atom is an electron outside the nucleus. In layman's terms, you can think that the reason why the glass rod rubs the silk to produce a positive electricity and the rubber rod rubs the fur to produce a negative electricity. In atoms, the positively charged nucleus has an attraction effect on the negatively charged electrons, but the ability of different nuclei to attract electrons is different.

Therefore, the nucleus of the atom in the glass rod has a weaker ability to attract electrons than the nucleus in the silk, so when the glass rod rubs the silk, the electrons run towards the silk, making the glass rod positively charged (in fact, at the same time, the silk is negatively charged). The same reasoning has been explained that the rubber rod is negatively charged after rubbing the fur.

The same kind of electricity repells each other, and different kinds of electricity attracts each other.

It was first discovered that both a glass rod rubbed with silk and a rubber rod rubbed with fur could attract small objects (such as films), and it was artificially determined that the rubbed glass rod had a positive charge and the rubber rod had a negative charge.

It was later discovered that the essence of what makes the glass rod and the rubber rod exhibit the related properties is that the glass rod loses electrons and the rubber rod gains electrons. So according to the previous regulations.

Knowing that the so-called negative charge is caused by electrons, it is stipulated that the electrons are negatively charged.

In the experiment, it was found that electrons and protons were electronically electric, and it was artificially specified that electrons were negatively charged and protons were positive.

Of course, there are also positively charged electrons, which are antimatter.

Because that's the ...... that people prescribe

Like why a meter is so long......

ElectronegativityThe strong ones are the electron-withdrawing groups. The weak electronegativity is the push electron base.

Strong electron-withdrawing groups.

Tertiary amine cation.

N+R3), nitro (NO2), trihalomethyl (CX3, X=F, Cl).

Medium-withdrawing electron groups.

Cyano (CN), sulfonic acid (SO3H).

Weakly electron-withdrawing groups.

Formyl group. CHO), acyl group (COR), carboxyl group.

COOH) > judgment method is as follows:

1. Electron donor: the group that exhibits a negative electric field externally. Electron withdrawing group: the group that exhibits a positive electric field externally, looking at the valency.

Valence is the electron absorption base, and the valence is not careful to supply the electron base. The strong electronegativity is the electron-withdrawing base. The weak electronegativity is the push electron base.

h) or hydroxyl group (-OH) to make it constitute a central element valency is a commonly used molecule, so that the molecule is neutral, the hydrogen atom is positively charged, the hydroxyl group is negative, and the electrical properties of the remaining groups can be judged.

Atoms are uncharged, and electrons are negatively charged; There are protons and neutrons inside the nucleus, protons are charged, neutrons are not charged, the density of the nucleus is extremely large, and the electron mass is extremely light and generally negligible. The volume of an atom is determined by the number of outer electron layers, and the mass is determined by the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus.

Which proton is the size + proton = nucleus.

Nucleus + electron = atom.

According to the quark model, quarks are fractionally charged, with each quark having a +2 3e or -1 3e charge (e is the proton charge unit macrovertical).

A neutron consists of two lower quarks and one upper quark, and since the upper quark has a +2 3e charge and the lower quark has a -1 3e charge q=-1 3e*2+2 3e=0, the neutron is not charged.

A proton is composed of two upper quarks and one lower quark, and since the upper quark has a +2 3e charge, the lower quark has a -1 3e charge, and 2 3e*2-1 3e=e, the proton has a positive charge.

All are negatively charged, not positively charged.

Electrons, protons, neutrons, are all elementary particles, and they all exist objectively. The charge carried by these particles is a property of it, and the charge is not elementary particles.

So whether the particles have an electric charge and what kind of charge they carry depends mainly on whether these particles move in the electric field and move towards that pole. Because the electron moves towards the positive pole in the electric field, we can conclude that it has a negative charge.

It happens that the charge carried by an electron is equal to the charge carried by a proton, but the electrical properties are opposite. This is what we usually call an electron with a negative charge (to be precise: a unit of negative charge) and a proton with a positive charge (it should be a unit of positive charge).

To be clear, the charge is not individual, but a simple way to describe the amount of electricity.

The transfer of electrons in physics is the movement from the high end to the low end under the action of electric current, which is the action of an external force and has nothing to do with the properties of the element atom itself. The transfer of electrons in chemistry is carried out spontaneously between different atoms, which is determined by the properties of the atoms themselves.

Now the development of science has led to the discovery of many new forms of matter, the positive idea does exist, its mass and all its properties are no different from electrons, but the charge is positive; Similarly, people are still exploring negative protons, and we call positrons, negative protons, and the like antimatter. Once the positrons and negatives meet, they are annihilated and come to naught, while emitting huge amounts of energy and generating photons.

Electrons and negative electrons are both related and distinct. The connection refers to electrons including positrons and negative electrons, and electrons in general refer to negative electrons. The difference is that electrons are a general term for negative electrons and positrons, but negative electrons simply refer to electrons that are negatively charged.

Negative electrons are what we call electrons in our daily life, because electrons generally refer to electrons that move in a high-speed circular motion around atoms, and they are generally negatively charged. The electricity we use in our daily life refers to the formation of the high-speed movement of negatively charged electrons in the conductor, and the direction of the current is opposite to the direction of the movement of the electrons.

The positron was first discovered by Anderson and others at the California Institute of Technology, and the moving orbit of the positron was observed in a cloud chamber. According to the experimental observation data, the mass and volume shape of the positron are exactly the same as the negative electron, but the only difference is that the positron belt is positive, but the negative electron belt we usually come into contact with is negative.

Positrons are antimatter with negative electrons, and positrons are very rare in nature. There are two main reasons for this, one is that the atoms of the elementary particles that make up matter in nature are all negative electrons. Second, once the positron encounters the negative electron, annihilation occurs, and a large amount of energy can be released.

According to laboratory observations and the research of relevant scientists, the process of annihilation of positrons and negative electrons into two gamma photons releases enormous energy orders of magnitude higher than that of nuclear energy.

In summary, positrons and negative electrons are a pair of antimatter, and everything else is the same except for the difference in the charge they charge. In addition, when the positron and the negative electron meet, annihilation occurs, and at the same time, a huge amount of energy is released that is several orders of magnitude higher than that of nuclear energy, and it is converted into photons.

One day in the future, it is likely that we will be able to use the energy generated by the positrons and negative electrons to sail the universe. The combustion of several tons of chemical fuel is not comparable to the energy released by the annihilation of a single gram of antimatter.

An electron is a negative charge, whereas a negative charge is not necessarily an electron. The first elementary particles to be discovered. Negatively charged, often denoted by the symbol e.

It was discovered in 1897 by the British physicist Joseph John Thomson while studying cathode rays. All atoms are made up of a positively charged nucleus and a number of electrons moving around it.

E-Profile

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles. It can be free and sensitive (does not belong to any atom) or it can be bound by the nucleus. The electrons in the tung atom exist in spherical shells with a wide variety of radii and energy levels.

The larger the spherical shell, the higher the energy contained in the electrons.

The directional motion of the charge forms an electric current, like the current in a metal wire. Using electric and magnetic fields, the movement of electrons can be controlled as needed (in solids and vacuums), and various electronic instruments and components, such as various electron tubes and electron microscopes, can be manufactured.

The atom, the basic unit of matter, is made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons. Neutrons are not charged, bridges make protons positively charged, and atoms are not electrically charged. Relative to the nucleus of neutrons and protons, the mass of electrons is extremely small.

The mass of a proton is about 1840 times that of an electron.