What methods should be used to understand the production and life of the original residents?

The level of productivity in primitive societies was extremely low. Manifested in:

The tools of production are extremely rudimentary;

The scope of the object of labor is narrow (initially limited to the fruits, roots, and small animals of plants, and later extended to land, seeds, etc.);

Primitive people had very little production experience, and the level of labor skills and knowledge was very low.

(1) The relationship between people formed in the production process is called the production relationship.

2) There was no exploitation and oppression in primitive societies.

The characteristics of the relations of production in slave society are: the slave owner owns the means of production and completely owns the slave; Slaves had no personal freedom and were forced to work under the coercion of their owners; All the products created by the slave's labor are owned and controlled by the slave owner, who gives the slave only a minimum of means of subsistence.

The main reason for the difference in the structure of the two houses living in Hemudu and Banpo is the natural environment.

The original inhabitants of Hemudu lived in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province (Yangtze River Basin), while the Banpo Primitive Inhabitants lived in Banpo Village, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province (Yellow River Basin), and the climatic conditions of the two places were different.

Its life: The original Xunna residents of Hemudu live in a dry-bar house and live a settled life. They have dug wells, and drinking water is more convenient than before. They raise domestic animals and make pottery. The original inhabitants of Hemudu also made simple jade and primitive musical instruments.

The dry-stilt houses found at the Hemudu site, with people living on the top and livestock on the bottom, and ventilation and moisture-proof bends, are a major achievement in architecture. The pottery at the Hemudu site is depicted with animal and plant figures, and jade as earrings and dozens of bone whistles have also been unearthed.

They are the representatives of the burial sheds of the clans of the Changhe River Valley.

The production conditions of primitive societies were made with stone tools, and the living conditions were wearing tree bark!

Produce together (hunting), property is shared. There are no resources left.

About five or six thousand years ago.

1 Ancient inhabitants of the motherland.

1 Ancient inhabitants of the motherland.

The ancient inhabitants of the territory of the motherland The earliest human name Yuanmou people.

Time is about 1.7 million years ago.

Location: Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province.

The situation will make tools, know the use of fire.

Social organization of primitive populations.

Peking Man time is about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago.

Location: Beijing Zhoukoudian Dragon Bone Mountain Cave.

Physical features retain some of the characteristics of an ape.

Production tools Stone tools, wooden sticks.

Fire Use Natural fire and fire preservation will be used.

Production activities Gathering wild fruits, occasionally hunting animals.

Social organization of primitive populations.

The ancient inhabitants of the territory of the motherland Peak cave people (early representatives of matrilineal clan communes) time about 30,000 years ago.

Location: Zhoukoudian, Beijing, Keel Mountain Cave at the top of the mountain.

The physical characteristics are basically the same as those of modern people.

Production tools Stone tools, mastered polishing and drilling techniques, bone needles.

In the case of fire, the fire will be made manually.

Production activities Gathering, hunting, fishing.

Concept Know how to love beauty and bury after death.

The social organization of clans is united by blood relations, common labor and common distribution, and there is no difference between rich and poor.

Other sites are widely distributed from south to north. China is the country with the largest number of ancient human sites found in the world.

2 Primitive agrarian life.

Primitive Agrarian Life Representatives of the Prosperous Period of Matrilineal Clan Communes The primitive agrarian life of the inhabitants of Hemudu is about 7,000 years ago.

Location: Hemudu, Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province.

Representative type: It represents the farming life of the primitive inhabitants in the Yangtze River basin in southern China.

Use tools to polish stone tools, bone tools, and plows.

Living Situation Living in a stilt house and living a settled life.

Production activities Rice cultivation (the first in the world); raising livestock; pottery and jade, primitive musical instruments; Wells will be dug.

The farming life of the original inhabitants of Banpo was about five or six thousand years ago.

Location: Banpo Village, near Xi'an, Shaanxi.

Representative type: Represents the farming life of the original inhabitants of the Yellow River Basin in the north.

Use tools Polished stone tools, wooden rakes, bone arrowheads, fishing forks, fishing hooks.

Residence Lives in a semi-crypt house and lives a settled life.

Production activities: millet (the world's first); raising pigs and dogs, hunting, fishing; Painted pottery, textiles, clothing.

The representatives of the middle and late matrilineal clan communes of the original inhabitants of Dawenkou dated to about four or five thousand years ago.

Location: Dawenkou, Tai'an City, Shandong.

Tools used to polish stone sickles, stone hoes, etc., and bronze tools also appeared.

Production activities Agriculture, handicrafts (making black pottery, white pottery, jade, etc.).

Private property and a divide between the rich and the poor have emerged in the relations of production.

Picking wild fruits, hunting for food, living in caves, and clothing on animal skins.

1. Access to food.

Food is mainly obtained by fruit picking, hunting, or fishing. At that time, people lived in caves or partly in groups on trees, feeding on the fruits, nuts and rhizomes of some plants, while hunting wild animals and catching fish and mussels from rivers and lakes to survive.

2. Original houses.

Primitive humans lived in caves or trees in order to avoid cold, summer, wind and rain, insects, snakes and beasts, which is the so-called "burrowing" and "nesting" (nesting on trees). After continuous evolution, the ancients began to build houses.

According to archaeological excavations, the earliest house buildings in China were produced in the Neolithic Age, about six or seven thousand years ago.

At that time, there were two main types of houses, one was the northern architectural model represented by the Banpo site in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province - semi-crypt houses and ground houses; The other is the architectural model of the Yangtze River basin and the south of the Yangtze River represented by the Hemudu site in Yuyao, Zhejiang.

Primitive societies belonged to stone societies, and humans lived in the form of clans.

The social organization of primitive society has gone through two stages of development: primitive group and clan commune. The clan is the basic economic unit of common production and life of people in primitive societies characterized by blood ties. The clan went through two stages: matrilineal and patrilineal.

The former is manifested in the fact that women are the main body of the clan, and the lineage of clan members is calculated according to the maternal line, and the property is inherited by maternal blood relatives, while the latter is manifested in the fact that the lineage is calculated according to the patrilineal line, and the property is inherited according to the patrilineal line, and the leadership of the clan falls into the hands of men.

In primitive societies there was no exploitation, no classes, and therefore no state, and all major issues were decided by clan councils in which all members participated.

Primitive society.

Belongs to the stone society.

Humans live in clans.

Mode of production. from fishing, hunting and gathering to primitive farming; Lifestyle: From migration to sedentary life, primitive residents can no longer rely on hunting and fishing for a living, but can grow crops such as rice or millet, and the food they need for life can be stable**; The way of life of the primitive inhabitants was no longer nomadic, but could be settled; After the grain is harvested, it needs to be stored, and handicrafts such as pottery can be excavated to achieve initial development;

I hope it will be helpful to you, and I hope that you will be our moving and hailstorming force.

3 All from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, and then to Homo sapiens, early humans at each stage had different ways of development and living and production conditions. This difference in production and living conditions is first and foremost due to the difference in the ability to adapt to nature, although this difference is not very large. Then there is the difference in the living environment.

For example, compared with Homo erectus, the brain of Homo erectus has been significantly enlarged, the structure has become more complex, and it has been reorganized, and more importantly, Homo erectus has the ability to speak sound, which undoubtedly has a stronger ability to respond to the external environment. Homo sapiens has a new evolution relative to Homo erectus, they have mastered more technology, created more civilizations, and continued to develop towards humans.