Are the earth s minerals different from those of the extraterrestrial quest and the extraterrestrial

There are them on Earth.

No one would have thought that a pencil contains the strongest substance on earth! A Chinese scientist at Columbia University in the United States recently discovered that a two-dimensional carbon atom crystal called graphene in pencil graphite is harder than diamond and 100 times stronger than the world's best steel.

The research tool is plain scotch tape.

This astonishing scientific discovery was made by Wei Xiaoding, a scientist from China, and three other people, and one of the main tools of the research was ordinary scotch tape.

"In order to understand the strength of graphene, we first had to peel some graphene flakes off the graphite, so we came up with scotch tape," Wei said. ”

They glued the tape to a piece of graphite, then tore it off, then glued the tape to a silicon wafer that was only 1 square inch in size, and then tore the tape off the wafer, and thousands of small pieces of graphite stuck to the wafer.

After determining the location of the graphene with a microscope, they performed the puncture with atomic-sized metal and diamond probes. They were shocked that graphene was 100 times stronger than the world's finest steel.

It's hard to say, because the second law of thermodynamics dictates that everything in the world tends to be disordered.

Whereas, the hardness of an object is related to the neat, tight arrangement of atoms.

Theoretically, there will be some places where the pressure is very strong.

I used to watch the show, saying that there is a supergaseous substance in the universe, a supersolid substance. There is a substance that is harder than diamond. (Just don't you know that humans still define them as minerals?) ）

Theoretically, it is estimated that the material on white dwarfs and neutron stars is harder than diamonds, but this has not been confirmed.

Theoretically, there should be, the hardness of an object is mainly determined by the arrangement of the molecules or atoms of the object.

Rough diamond stone has a complete or somewhat octahedral structure, i.e., a double cone of eight triangles in the picture. This is the direction in which diamond crystals are the strongest and extremely difficult to cut and grind, and are generally avoided.

After the diamond is cut and polished, there will be various changes in light transmission, resulting in beautiful changes in light and shadow. With the development of modern science and technology, laser cutting diamond has been applied, even if the cutting and grinding efficiency is greatly improved, it still needs to be manually modified.

Diamond is the hardest substance known to nature, with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale. No other minerals can penetrate diamonds (except for water, which theoretically can cut all solids under certain pressure conditions).

The process in a diamond factory is divided into many steps and has traditionally relied on diamonds as a cutting agent. The perfect rough natural diamond for the jewelry industry should be an octahedron (spindle or date-shaped, thick in the middle and thin in the ends). Although this form is not the only natural form of diamond, it has minimal processing losses in diamond processing production.

A saw in the middle can be cut into two pyramids, and then rounded facets.

In the traditional process, sawing (cutting the rough into pieces) is to clamp the rough stone to a machine, rotate it at high speed with an ultra-thin bronze sheet (like a circular saw blade), touch the rough with diamond powder, and then cut along a demarcated dividing line. The process is very slow, and the loss of the saw blade (bronze) is extremely enormous. However, this method is still widely used today for large-grain diamonds because it is the safest.

Diamonds have a hardness of 10, which means that they are currently the hardest natural mineral in the world, but things that are particularly hard tend to be brittle, which means that diamonds can be easily broken.

For example, if you hit a diamond with a hammer, the diamond may shatter, just like if you hit porcelain with a stick. Porcelain is much harder than wooden sticks, but it is brittle and can be easily broken.

It is easy to destroy at will, but regular cutting, grinding, and polishing cannot be done with rough brute force percussion. Historically, diamonds have been used to cut and polish diamonds, that is, to cut and grind gem-quality diamonds from diamonds that are not gem-quality and worthy of fine processing, and to shape the diamond by finding out the diamond's natural structure and texture. Cheap man-made diamonds are now available, and industrial-grade man-made diamonds can also be used as research materials.

When polishing, emery or corundum can also be used. Although the hardness is only 9, it is one level lower, but it can be used to polish facets.

Minerals that are harder than diamonds can be found on earth, and I think it must be a human skull, which is harder than diamonds.

There are no harder minerals than diamonds found on Earth, and scientists are still looking for them, and I think they can be found, because there are so many things on Earth waiting for us to explore.

According to Physical Review Letters, Professor Sun Hong of Shanghai Jiaotong University found that a substance called wurtzite boron nitride can withstand 18% more pressure than diamonds, and a substance called blue stelite is even 58% harder than diamonds

It was a matter of time to find it, and now the high technology is very developed.

Diamond is an elemental crystal composed of carbon that is formed over a long period of time under high pressure and high temperature conditions in the deep part of the earth. With the continuous development of materials science, scientists have developed boron nitride and blue sdale stone, both of which are harder than diamonds, although they are very rare and unstable.