How the total station measures the free instrument site

With the rear rendezvous method:

Set up a total station at the point to be measured (p). Measure the angle of the known point a and b respectively, use the coordinates of the known point and the measured angle to calculate the coordinates of the point to be measured, the specific formula is found in the rear rendezvous chapter of the surveying book, and the total station itself also has a rear rendezvous program, which can be called.

In general, the total station is set up on an unknown point that can be visualized with 2 or more known backsight points, and the coordinates and elevation of the station can be automatically deduced by observing 2 or more known backsight points.

If the total station of the landlord has the function of post-traffic station, the total station can be erected on the unknown point that is visible to these two known points, and the post-traffic station can be built by observing these two known points.

You can solve your problem by using the rear intersection in the instrument, as long as you put the instrument to the place where you can see the two points, open the rear rendezvous, measure the two known points according to the prompts, and calculate the coordinates of the instrument points in the point calculation.

Will the back room meet!

A method of calculating the coordinates of the point (p) to be measured by measuring the angle and angle at the station at two (or two) known points (a, b). As shown in the figure below, the stations represented by the red letters are rack sites (a, b): the intersection ahead.

Typical instruments now come with their own backroom rendezvous program.

Use the vertical ball line to naturally lower it from the instrument marker point, so that the tip of the vertical ball just reaches the ground, and then use a steel ruler to measure the distance from the end of the vertical ball line of the instrument marking point to the tip of the vertical ball.

Compared with the optical theodolite, the electronic theodolite replaces the optical dial with a photoelectric scanning dial, and replaces the artificial optical micrometer readings with automatic recording and display of the readings, which simplifies the operation of angle measurement and avoids the generation of reading errors.

Because it can complete all the measurement work on the station by placing the instrument at one time, it is called a total station. It is widely used in the field of precision engineering measurement or deformation monitoring such as large-scale above-ground buildings and underground tunnel construction.

Total stations can be used in almost all areas of measurement. The electronic total station is composed of a power supply part, an angle measurement system, a ranging system, a data processing part, a communication interface, a display screen, a keyboard, etc.

Compared with the electronic theodolite and optical theodolite, the total station has added many special components, so that the total station has more functions than other angle and distance measuring instruments, and it is more convenient to use. These special components make up the structural characteristics of the total station.

The total station is a very important instrument in modern measurement technology, which can measure a variety of measurement parameters such as spatiotemporal position, angle, and azimuth of various terrains.

The total station can measure the following areas: ground elevation measurement, measuring the height of buildings, distances, angles and directions of roads, bridges, tunnels and canals. In the field of geological exploration, total stations can also be used to measure the inclination and dip of rock masses, the location and thickness of strata, the diameter of volcanic craters, the flow velocity of lava, etc.

In addition, the total station is also an indispensable tool in construction projects. For example, it can be used to check the slope and flatness of concrete, measure the size and levelness of building columns, check the pressure and flow rate of flexible pipes, etc.

In short, total stations are widely used in geographic information systems, geological exploration, construction engineering and other aspects, which can help engineers, geologists and other professionals efficiently complete various surveying tasks, making the construction process more accurate, efficient and safe.

Composition of the total station:

1. Telescope system:

The telescope system is the core part of the total station, which is used to measure the position and angle of the target point. It usually includes components such as the telescope itself, eyepieces, measuring prisms, prism holders, etc.

2. Automatic positioning system:

The automatic positioning system is a key part of the automatic positioning of the total station, which can automatically locate and determine the coordinates where the total station is located through satellite signals.

3. Angle measurement system:

The angle measurement system usually consists of a level, a perpendicular meter and an goniometer, etc., which can measure the angle and orientation between the target point and the total station.

4. Height measurement system:

Altitude measurement systems are mainly used to measure the height difference between the target point and the total station, and usually include components such as altimeter and inclinometer.

5. Distance measurement system:

Distance measurement systems are mainly used to accurately measure the distance between the target point and the total station, and usually use laser technology to achieve the measurement.

6. Control panel and data processing system

The control panel and data processing system are the operation interface of the total station, which can set and adjust the instrument through the control panel, and can also process and store the collected data.

The total station can be measured in the following ways:

1. Horizontal angle measurement.

1) Press the angle measurement button to make the total station in the angle Huinian opening measurement mode, and aim at the first target A;

2) Set the horizontal dial in the A direction to read the age before reading 0°00 00;

3) Aiming at the second target b, the horizontal dial reading displayed at this time is the horizontal angle between the two directions.

2. Distance measurement.

1) Set the prism constant.

Before ranging, the prism constant must be entered into the instrument, and the instrument will automatically correct the measured distance.

2) Set the atmospheric correction value or air temperature and pressure value.

The propagation velocity of light in the atmosphere varies with the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere, and 15 and 760 mmHg are the standard values set by the instrument, at which point the atmosphere is corrected to 0 ppm. During the actual measurement, the temperature and pressure values can be entered, and the total station will automatically calculate the atmospheric correction value (or directly enter the atmospheric correction value), and correct the ranging results.

3) The measuring instrument is high, the prism is high, and the total station is inputted.

3. Coordinate measurement.

1) Set the 3D coordinates of the measuring station.

2) Set the coordinates of the backsight point or set the horizontal dial reading of the backsight direction as its azimuth. When setting the coordinates of the backsight point, the total station automatically calculates the azimuth of the backsight direction and sets the horizontal dial reading of the high pin direction of the backsight to its azimuth.

3) Set the prism constant.

4) Set the atmospheric correction value or air temperature and pressure value.

5) The measuring instrument is high, the prism is high and input into the total station.

6) Illuminate the target prism, press the coordinate measurement button, and the total station will start the ranging and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the display measurement point.