Total Station Leveling Error Total Station Leveling Method and Experience

1. The possible deviation will not be too large. Many total stations have a function that when the leveling deviation exceeds a certain limit, the total station will automatically stop working, so your instrument leveling is basically okay.

2. The specific size of the deviation is not easy to say, because the deviation is related to many factors, such as: the length of the wire becomes longer has a different impact on the deviation, in addition, the impact of your instrument on the wire is accidental, from the size, from the error positive and negative are not fixed, therefore, the specific impact is not too much, it is not easy to say, I feel that the impact will not be great.

There is a basic theory: when the terrain is basically flat, the impact of uneven air bubbles on the wire is very small.

The total station, that is, the electronic total station, is a high-tech measuring instrument integrating light, machinery and electricity, and is a surveying and mapping instrument system integrating horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance (oblique distance, flat distance) and height difference measurement functions. Compared with the optical theodolite, the electronic theodolite replaces the optical dial with a photoelectric scanning dial, and replaces the artificial optical micrometer readings with automatic recording and display of the readings, which simplifies the operation of angle measurement and avoids the generation of reading errors. Because it can complete all the measurement work on the station by placing the instrument at one time, it is called a total station.

It is widely used in the field of precision engineering measurement or deformation monitoring such as large-scale above-ground buildings and underground tunnel construction.

Total station leveling and bubble correction method of correct leveling instrument:

1) Erection: Set the instrument on a stable tripod and tighten the center spiral.

2) Rough flat: look at the round bubbles (the accuracy is relatively low, generally 1 point), and rotate the 3 foot spirals of the instrument respectively to roughly level the instrument.

3) Jingping: make the tubular level (or long bubble tube) on the alignment part of the instrument parallel to any pair of foot spirals, rotate the two foot spirals to center the bubble (it is best to use the left thumb method, that is, the left and right hands rotate the two foot spirals at the same time, and the two thumbs move in the opposite direction, and the left thumb direction is the same as the bubble movement direction of the bubble in the bubble tube. ）；Then, rotate the alignment part 90° and rotate the other foot spiral to center the long bubble tube.

4) Inspection: rotate the instrument by 90°, if the bubble of the long bubble tube is still centered, it means that it has been leveled; If there is a deviation, repeat step (3). Normally, repeating 1 or 2 times will be fine.

You didn't do the basic principles of measurement. I can't catch up with the schedule like you.

It's really irresponsible... Sad.

Big brother, how can you be like this, you can't be sloppy in measurement!! Of course, the accuracy of the two bubbles is different, and the compensation range of various instruments is also different, so you have to think about it!!

The experience of countless total station veterans:

Total station coarse alignment: when the instrument is placed close to the level of the base, adjust the foot spiral at this time to carry out the first alignment;

Rough leveling: The lifting tripod makes the round level blister roughly centered, and generally adjusts the two feet.

Fine leveling: the horizontal tube is blistered with 2 parallel foot spirals, and the 2 foot spirals are rotated at the same time (inward or outward at the same time), and the level tube is blistered in the center; Rotate the instrument 90° so that the leveling tube is parallel to the third foot spiral, the monotonous third foot spiral, and the leveling tube is blistered and centered.

Fine alignment: Check the alignment, slightly loosen the fixing screws under the base, and [pan] the total station to the alignment position with both hands.

Check leveling and alignment: Finally, fine-tune the foot spiral according to [Fine Leveling], and check the completed alignment and leveling again. It takes 30 seconds to 2 minutes. It can be completed in 30-50 seconds after proficiency.

Open the tripod first, and the height (and height after lifting) is about 8cm below the chin; Then set up the instrument, firmly set one leg, set the other two legs to align (note that the instrument should be roughly flat), and then set up the tripod, and then repeatedly leveled and centered, and it is good to be proficient.

It's okay to adjust two spirals, this is still a matter of proficiency, and it will naturally come back with more use.

1. Open the tripod, the top distance is close to the chin, then separate with the control point as the center, set up the instrument, the tripod does not move one leg, step on it tightly, hold one leg in each hand, look at the eyepiece in the center, move the two legs of the tripod until it reaches the control point, and then put down the two feet, the eyes should be optimistic about the center, also step tightly, and try to be roughly flat.

2. Through the two legs of the lifting tripod (try not to move the third), make the instrument rough and flat, see the horizontal circle bubble centered, and then fine-tune, adjust the two foot bolts of the instrument to make the fine level tube centered, and then turn 90 degrees, adjust the third foot bolt to make the level tube centered, and then turn back to see if the level tube is centered, continue to adjust if it is not centered, and repeatedly rotate back and forth 90 degrees to adjust until it is centered.

3. Observe whether the alignment is aligned, if the alignment deviates, loosen the foot bolt at the bottom of the total station to adjust, move the total station to the center on the shelf, and then see if it is flat, repeat the second step if it is uneven, and then see if it is aligned until the alignment is leveled.

The total station leveling is divided into 3 steps, the first step: first fix the two legs of the tripod and no longer move, and only use one of them for initial leveling, that is, align the base point and the horizontal bubble of the total station is in the center circle (note, this step should be placed according to the height and position of the individual, that is, the leveled eyepiece is not too high or too low. This 1 step is crucial and needs to be practiced repeatedly); Step 2, adjust the total station foot bolt so that the horizontal bubble is centered, and step 3, rotate the total station 90 degrees and adjust the foot bolt so that the horizontal bubble is centered.

Then, observe whether the reference point is still aligned, if it deviates, you can loosen the total station foot bolt to adjust, and repeat the step after alignment.

In general, when making the first foot bolt adjustment, if the amplitude is not large, there is basically no need to repeat the operation.

Today's total stations are self-leveling.

After the alignment is good, release the horizontal brake.

Gently turn the instrument to the side with your hand to hear"d"After a sound, turn to the other side and hear it again"d"Just sound it.

Finally, don't forget to check the alignment and leveler centering.

In order to improve the leveling speed, alignment is also a key step.

Before you start, turn the three feet to the middle position.

Adjust the three legs to the most suitable height position "Three Feet Flush".

The total station error range is 1 second, and the position error at 100 meters is millimeters.

The calculation is as follows:

100 1 3600 mm.

In terms of economic construction:

Mineral survey, exploration and mining, construction of railways, highways, bridges, farmland water conservancy, urban planning and construction, etc., are inseparable from the measurement of electronic total stations.

In terms of national defense construction:

Preparations for the battlefield, harbors, fortresses, airfields, bases, and military engineering must be based on detailed and accurate geodetic surveys.

Engineering Surveying:

In recent years, the electronic total station has become an effective tool for precision positioning and installation in large-scale precision engineering surveying, shipbuilding and aviation industry.

Engineering construction:

The total station is especially suitable for various construction fields, and can be widely used in three-dimensional coordinates, position determination, overhang measurement, plumb degree measurement, pipeline positioning, section measurement, etc., and is also suitable for triangulation control surveying, topographic surveying, cadastral and real estate surveying, etc. <>

The three error corrections of the total station are multiplication constant correction, barometric pressure correction, and temperature correction. Total station, that is, total station electronic distance finder, is a set of light, machine, electricity as one of the high-tech measuring instruments, is a set of horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance, height difference measurement function in one of the surveying and mapping instrument system, and optical theodolite comparison of electronic theodolite optical dial for photoelectric scanning dial, artificial optical micrometer readings instead of automatic recording and display of readings, so that the angle measurement operation is simplified, and can avoid the generation of reading errors.

Introduction to total stationsTotal station is the abbreviation of total station electronic speed tester, which is a photoelectric instrument combining electronic theodolite, photoelectric rangefinder and microprocessor. At present, the world's total station brands mainly include Leica, Topcon, Nikon, Southern, Suojia, etc., the difference between total station and optical theodolite lies in the dial reading and display system, the horizontal dial and vertical dial of optical theodolite and its reading device are respectively used (coding disk) or two identical grating dials and reading sensors for angle measurement.

What we do is the roadbed, so I generally control the data difference of xyz in the traverse coordinates does not exceed. Bridges and tunnels are generally precise, preferably 5mm, because once the connection between the supporting cover beam of the bridge and the tunnel is offset, you don't have to do the measurement in your life.

When the total station that can measure the coordinates is measured, what is the allowable error when the data is reversed when the rear view is aligned? We use a Pentax total station, and there is an error of one to three centimeters when the reverse test, okay? Please help someone who understands, thank you!

And when measuring downhole, at what distance is the error relatively small, and how far can you see? Today I can't see the prism with a cross wire that measures more than 200 meters, and I solve!

1. Error in total station measurement: The error in total station measurement is mainly caused by the ranging error, and the error is mainly in two parts, one part is the error proportional to the distance d, that is, the error of the speed of light value, the atmospheric refractive index error and the ranging frequency error, and the other part is the error independent of the distance, that is, the phase measurement error, the addition constant error, and the alignment error.

Second, the solution to the error:

1. Check whether the prism rod used for measurement is vertical, and use the interchangeable pedestal prism to measure the elevation error by centering and leveling the measurement in an optical point-to-point manner.

2. Check and correct the method of checking the index difference angle according to the attached page of the manual, and the impact of the large angle will directly affect the elevation accuracy of the total station.

3. Check whether the height difference is too large.