The effectiveness of automatic stabilizers in China

In fact, the software ** finds the "simple saving" and uses it to finish.

Automatic stabilizer: also known as internal stabilizer, is inNational economyThere is no need for frequent policy changes and factors that contribute to the automatic stabilization of the economy.

For example, some fiscal spending and taxation systems have some kind of flexibility to automatically adjust the economy, which can automatically cooperate with demand management and reduce the volatility of aggregate demand, thereby contributing to economic stability. However, its role is limited, and it is not enough in itself to fully maintain economic stability.

The automatic stabilizer function of the finances.

1. Automatic changes in taxes. When the economy is in recession, the level of national output decreases and personal income decreases; With the same tax rate, the tax is automatically reduced, leaving people with disposable income.

It will also automatically decrease less, so that consumption and demand will also automatically fall less.

2. Automatic changes in expenditures. When there is a recession and depression in the economy, unemployment increases, the number of people eligible for benefits increases, unemployment benefits and other social benefits.

Spending will increase accordingly, so that the decline in people's income, especially disposable income, can be curbed, and then the downward chain of consumer demand can be suppressed. When the economy booms, the number of unemployed people decreases, and unemployment benefits and other benefits are paid.

Spending will also naturally decrease, which will inhibit the growth of disposable income and consumption.

3. Maintenance system for agricultural products. When the economy is in recession, the national income declines, and the agricultural products decline, and the purchase of agricultural products according to the maintenance system of agricultural products can keep the peasants' income and consumption at a certain level. When the economy is prosperous, the level of national income rises, and agricultural products rise, at this time, the purchase of agricultural products is reduced and the agricultural products are sold, which restricts the rise of agricultural products, which also inhibits the growth of farmers' incomes, thereby reducing the increase in aggregate demand.

Auto Stabilizer Terminology Explained:Automatic stabilizers are also known as "inner stabilizers".

It refers to a mechanism that exists in the economic system itself that will reduce the impact of various disturbances on national income, and can automatically curb inflation during economic booms and reduce depressions during recessions, without taking any action.

Chinese name

Automatic stabilizer.

Foreign name

automatic stabilizer

field

Macroeconomics.

In terms of acting factors

In social and economic life, the factors that usually have the role of automatic stabilizer mainly include: personal and corporate income and sedan tax payment, unemployment allowance and other welfare transfers, agricultural products** maintenance mechanism, as well as corporate savings and household savings.

In times of recession, people's personal income and corporate profits decrease, and personal and corporate income tax expenses decrease; The increase in unemployment, unemployment benefits and other social welfare transfers, will alleviate the decline in personal income and reduce the impact of the decline in demand on the national economy.

In the economic boom period, the opposite is true, when personal income and corporate profits increase, personal and corporate income tax payments increase, unemployment decreases, and transfer payments decrease, which alleviates the impact of the increase in personal income and the increase in demand on the national economy.

Automatic stabilizer refers to the automatic increase and decrease of taxes and some expenditures with the cyclical fluctuations of the economy, so as to play a role in economic stability, without the need to make judgments and measures in advance, but to rely on the internal mechanism of the fiscal and taxation system itself to play its own role.

The most important stabilizers in the public sector are personal income tax and corporate income tax, in addition to unemployment benefits, various social welfare expenditures, agricultural product maintenance systems, etc.; The most dominant stabilizer in the personal sector is the marginal propensity to save. In economic analysis, more attention is paid to the role of public sector stabilizers.

In social and economic life, the factors that usually have the role of automatic food and gas stabilizer mainly include: personal and corporate income tax payments, unemployment subsidies and other welfare transfer payments, agricultural product maintenance mechanisms, and corporate savings and household savings.

For example, in a recession, personal income and corporate profits decrease, and personal and corporate income tax expenses decrease. And the increase in unemployment, the increase in unemployment benefits and the transfer of other social benefits, thereby alleviating the decline in personal income and reducing the impact of the decline in demand on the national economy. And in times of economic prosperity it is the opposite.

At this time, personal income and corporate profits increase, personal and corporate income tax payments increase, unemployment decreases, and transfer payments decrease, thereby alleviating the impact of increased personal income and excessive demand on the national economy.

Automatic stabilizer is a common control system, which makes the output signal stable near the set value through feedback control of the input signal, and improves the stability and accuracy of the system. According to the feedback signal and the different control methods, the automatic stabilizer can be divided into three main types:

The first is a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller). The PID controller adjusts the size and direction of the output according to the absolute value of the error signal to achieve stable control of the system. Among them, the proportional term directly adjusts the output according to the magnitude of the error signal, the integral term adjusts the output according to the sum of the integration of the error signal, and the differential term adjusts the output according to the rate of change of the error signal.

PID controllers are widely used in industrial and automation control systems, and their control effect and stability have been widely verified.

The second is the adaptive controller. The adaptive controller continuously adjusts the control parameters according to the relationship between the input signal and the output signal to achieve optimal control of the system. The adaptive controller can dynamically adjust the control parameters according to the actual system response and stability, so as to achieve a more accurate and stable control effect.

Adaptive controllers are widely used in a variety of complex control systems, such as robotics, aerospace equipment, etc.

The third type is the fuzzy controller. A fuzzy controller is a control system based on fuzzy logic, and its controller output is not a set of explicit values, but a set of fuzzy descriptions, usually expressed in languages such as "very high", "slightly high", "moderate", "slightly low", "very low", etc. The fuzzy controller can better cope with the factors such as system nonlinearity, uncertainty and random mountain trapping, and is suitable for various complex control problems.

In a word, the automatic stabilizer is a very important controller, which can make the system more stable and accurate through feedback control, so as to be applied to various complex control systems, and has made an important contribution to human society.