Have you discovered a black hole so far?

Of course, it was found, but not directly, but through the effects of black holes.

Yes There's one in the constellation Cygnus, and the center of the galaxy is a black hole.

The state of the stars around the black hole has been discovered.

According to astronomical observations, black holes have been confirmed! There are many things that we can't see, and we can only speculate based on the phenomena!!

It's been a long time since I found out! Scientists didn't see black holes, but used X-ray sensors to create a picture, and we saw the black hole like this!

The upstairs is good.,It's an authority.,But it's always on the Internet to check the top p.,Don't check on the Internet and you give me so many answers.。

In 1916, the German astronomer Karl Schwarzschild calculated a vacuum solution to Einstein's gravitational field equation, which showed that if a large amount of matter is concentrated in a point in space, a strange phenomenon will occur around it, that is, there is an interface around the particle point - once the "event horizon" enters this interface, even light cannot escape. This "incredible celestial body" was named a "black hole" by the American physicist John Archibald Wheeler.

Black holes cannot be directly observed, but their existence and mass can be known indirectly, and their effects on other things can be observed. Information about the existence of a black hole can be obtained by using the "edge information" of the rays emitted by the high heat before the object is sucked in. The existence of black holes can also be inferred by indirect observation of the orbit of stars or interstellar clouds.

On December 7, 2017, scientists at the Carnegie Institute for Scientific Research in the United States discovered the most distant supermassive black hole ever recorded, with a mass 800 million times that of the Sun.

A black hole is a type of celestial body in the universe in modern general relativity. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so great that the escape velocity within the event horizon is greater than the speed of light.

A black hole is a singularity with infinite density, infinite curvature of space-time, infinitely small volume, and infinite heat in the center, and a part of the surrounding empty celestial region, which is not visible within the scope of this celestial region. According to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, when a dying star collapses, it will gather into a point where it will become a black hole, swallowing all light and any matter in the adjacent cosmic region.

A particularly dense dark object predicted by general relativity. Massive stars collapse at the end of their evolution, and their matter is so dense that it has a closed boundary called the "event horizon", and the black hole hides a huge gravitational field that is so strong that any matter, including photons, can only enter and cannot escape. The lower limit of the mass of the nucleus of the formation of a black hole is about 3 times the mass of the sun, which, of course, is the mass of the last nucleus, not the mass of the star in the main sequence period.

In addition to this stellar black hole, there are other black holes - the so-called miniature black holes may have formed in the early universe, and the so-called supermassive black holes may exist in galaxies**. (Reference: New Horizons of the Universe).

With the American "Chandra" X-ray space telescope.

Black holes have "stealth" technology, people cannot directly observe it, and even scientists can only put forward various conjectures about its internal structure. So, how do black holes hide themselves? The answer is curved space.

We all know that light travels in a straight line. This is the most basic common sense. However, according to the general theory of relativity, space bends under the action of a gravitational field.

At this time, although the light still travels along the shortest distance between any two points, it is no longer a straight line, but a curve. Figuratively speaking, it seems that light was supposed to go in a straight line, but the strong gravitational pull pulled it away from its original direction.

On Earth, this bending is negligible due to the small action of the gravitational field. And around a black hole, this distortion of space is very large. In this way, even if some of the light emitted by a star blocked by a black hole will fall into the black hole and disappear, another part of the light will pass through the curved space around the black hole and reach the Earth.

So, we can effortlessly observe the starry sky on the back side of the black hole, as if the black hole does not exist, which is the stealth of the black hole.

Black holes cannot be seen or touched, and astronomers mainly explore them through powerful X-ray sources in the black hole region. Although the black hole itself cannot emit any light, its huge gravitational pull on surrounding objects and celestial bodies still exists. When the surrounding material is attracted by its strong gravitational pull and gradually falls towards the black hole, powerful X-rays are emitted, forming an X-ray source in the sky.

In the 60s of the last century, the United States launched a series of sounding rockets to make observations in preparation for the moon landing. During X-ray observations, a strange object was discovered by chance, located in the constellation Cygnus, which was the first such phenomenon observed in the X-band, so it was called Cygnus X-1, and it was later determined that it was a black hole.

Black holes emit high-energy gamma rays and X-rays when they devour mass, and there are only three cases in the universe that emit gamma rays (excluding special cases): one is a supernovae**, the second is a black hole, and the third is a neutron star (or neutron binary). If there is a certain star field, the light is stable, but there are gamma rays, it is very likely to be a black hole, because some of the light will bypass the black hole and travel along the curve to the ground, so we can see the star beyond the black hole but not find the black hole.

Neutron stars have a lot of energy, and we can calculate that this is a star. After calculation, elimination, and the black hole can be found.

The creation of a black hole is similar to that of a neutron star: when a star is preparing to perish, the core of a star rapidly shrinks and collapses under the force of its own gravity. When all the matter in the core turns into neutrons, the contraction process immediately stops, and it is compressed into a dense star, which also compresses the space and time inside.

But in the case of black holes, the mass of the star's core is so large that the contraction process goes on endlessly, and even the repulsion between neutrons cannot be stopped. The neutrons themselves are crushed into powder by the attraction of the squeezing gravity itself, leaving behind a material of unimaginably high density. The gravitational pull due to the high quality is such that any object that comes close to it will be sucked into it.

At first, black holes were just celestial objects pushed by formulas, but later people said that since a star collapses and becomes a black hole, then if one of the binary systems collapses, but the gravitational pull remains, the binary system still exists, and it looks like a star orbiting something invisible. So people searched the sky for this kind of star that revolved around something invisible, and when they did, they found a black hole.

Upstairs, there is a brother who said that those black holes radiate or something, which were observed on the basis of the discovery of black holes, and are based on the discovery of black holes.

Black holes are theoretically calculated.

Stars that are more than three times the mass of the Sun die and collapse into black holes.

There are now several objects that are suspected to be black holes.

The center of the Milky Way galaxy is said to be a supermassive black hole.

Black holes are invisible, intangible, and imitated, and astronomers mainly explore them through powerful X-ray sources in the black hole region.

Although the black hole itself cannot emit any light, its huge gravitational pull on surrounding objects and celestial bodies still exists. When the surrounding material is attracted by its strong gravitational pull and gradually falls towards the black hole, it emits powerful X-rays, forming an X-ray source in the sky. By searching for X-ray sources, people can find traces of black holes.

Model of the internal structure of a black hole ** Solution:

The inner center of the black hole: the singularity-structural model ** solution:

The numbers in the figure represent the smallest unit of indivisible positive and negative chord information - string bits

Famous physicist John. John Wheeler famously said, "It from bit."

After the development of quantum information research, this concept was sublimated to the point that everything originates from qubits) Note: Bits are bits.

Compared to other celestial bodies, black holes are very special. It cannot be directly observed, and scientists can only speculate about its internal structure. What makes black holes hide themselves is the curved space-time.

According to the general theory of relativity, space-time bends under the action of a gravitational field. At this point, the light is still traveling along the shortest path between any two points, but it is relatively bent. When passing through a dense celestial body, space-time will bend and light will deviate from its original direction.

A black hole is a celestial body with infinite density and infinitely small volume in the universe, and all physical theorems will fail when encountering a black hole; It is produced by the gravitational collapse of a massive enough star after it "dies" after the fuel for the nuclear fusion reaction runs out. When a black hole "hiccups", it means that a celestial body is "swallowed" by the black hole, and the black hole "grows" by swallowing the matter that falls into it; When a black hole "eats" a large amount of material, a jet of high-velocity plasma escapes from the edge of the black hole. Using theories of fluid dynamics and gravity and simulations with supercomputers, scientists have come to the conclusion that "feeding" a growing black hole will cause it to form a fractal surface.

Professor John Wheeler, the famous American physicist and the author of the term "black hole", once said: In the future, whoever is not familiar with fractal geometry cannot be called a scientific cultured person. Professor Zhou Haizhong, a famous Chinese scholar, once pointed out:

Fractal geometry not only demonstrates the beauty of mathematics, but also reveals the nature of the world, thus changing the way people understand the mysteries of nature; It can be said that fractal geometry is the geometry that truly describes nature, and the study of it has greatly expanded the scope of human cognition. It can be seen that fractal geometry has an extremely important scientific position.

Black holes are the most mysterious natural phenomenon in the universe. Why it has fractal geometry is still a mystery.