Some questions about civil foundations, please ask the masters, thank you

A wall thickness of 240mm becomes a 24 wall, and a thickness of 370mm is a 37 wall. Depending on the volume and the size of the bricks, you can calculate it.

The sand-cement ratio refers to the ratio of sand to cement (or lime) in the mortar. Within a certain range, the higher the sand-cement ratio, the lower the mortar strength.

A single-storey house with 24 walls is sufficient. Septic tank bedding can be C15 or C20 bedding.

Hehe, the younger brother happens to be studying engineering estimates this year:

The main methods to determine the amount of bricks per cubic meter are:

1) Theoretical calculations.

There is a formula: a = (the number of revolutions of the wall thickness * 2) the wall thickness * (brick length + ash joint) * (brick thickness + ash joint) where a represents the number of revolutions used for one cubic meter, 120 The number of revolutions of the wall represents the wall thickness is The number of revolutions of the wall represents the wall thickness is the number of revolutions of the wall indicating the wall thickness is the value of the ash joint, which is 10

For example, a 240 wall: a = 1 * 2 * 1 9 240 * (240 + 10) * (53 + 10) is approximately equal to blocks.

If you also need to calculate the amount of mortar: the amount of mortar = 1 - the number of revolutions * the volume of the brick.

2) You can also determine the amount of bricks through on-site measurement.

3) You can also look up the usage of similar experiences in history.

24 wall is a wall with a wall thickness of 240mm 37 wall is a wall with a wall thickness of 365mm 24 I don't know the number of bricks per square meter of the wall It should be 64 37 walls I don't know I have never heard of sand and ash ratio I only know that there is a water-cement ratio To build a toilet The wall can be 24 Septic tank cushion C10 or C15 concrete, cement with ordinary cement is OK.

As far as our ordinary red bricks are concerned, the longest side is 24 walls, 37 is 24 plus 115 in the middle, how many bricks per cubic meter should be.

The sand-lime ginseng together is the ratio of sand-to-lime ratio.

I don't know where you are and the toilet It's a rural area You can do it casually If others can't see you, it's okay.

1. From your question, you are a layman;

2. First of all, you should understand what is the foundation, what is the foundation, and what is the relationship between the foundation and the foundation? The concept needs to be clarified first;

3. If you want to learn, you can study the undergraduate textbook "Soil Mechanics and Foundation";

4. Under normal circumstances, the underground part of the building is the foundation of the building; The foundation is on the bearing layer of the foundation soil;

5. The main index of the foundation is the soil structure of the foundation and the bearing capacity index of each layer of soil;

6. The load on each floor and roof of the building (building) (for you as a layman, it can only be simply said that the weight per square meter) is superimposed and transmitted to the foundation through the floor, beams and columns; Calculate whether the calculated value of the total load is consistent with the bearing capacity of the foundation soil, and determine the type of the design foundation according to the bearing capacity index;

7. The foundation soil is divided into: clay, sub-clay, sand, gravel layer, weathered rock layer, etc., and the bearing capacity of the weathered rock layer is usually higher;

8. The type of foundation is divided into: deep foundation and shallow foundation according to the buried depth of the foundation;

According to the type of basic structure: pile foundation, independent column foundation, raft foundation, box foundation, reinforced concrete belt foundation, rubble concrete foundation, rubble foundation, brick foundation, etc.;

9. I said it too professionally, you can't understand, you are too layman, and you can't understand, foundation and foundation is a professional and deep course, if you don't have a certain foundation and the teacher's explanation, as well as specific work practice and a certain amount of experiments, only a few words of answers, can not let you deeply understand and understand.

10. If you have a little foundation, what I said above will be enough for you to study for a few years.

Addendum: If you have something specific to ask, such as what you want to build, where you want to build, how you need to do it, etc., you can send the question to my mailbox, I can patiently give you a good explanation, it is estimated that it will take a few days to let you understand, and the knowledge of the foundation can reach the level of an engineer, but when I have time.

1. "Foundations and Foundations".

2. Natural foundation and artificial foundation. The foundation is the rock and soil bearing layer under the pressure under the foundation. The natural foundation is a natural soil layer that does not need to be reinforced by people, which saves the project cost.

Artificial foundation: A foundation that has been artificially treated or improved. When the geological condition of the soil layer is good and the bearing capacity is strong, the natural foundation can be used; And under the condition of poor geological conditions, such as slope, sand or silt geology, or although the texture of the soil layer is good, but the upper load is too large, in order to make the foundation have sufficient bearing capacity, it is necessary to adopt artificial reinforcement foundation, that is, artificial foundation.

3. Driving to the rock layer refers to piling to the rock formation, not to lay the foundation. Generally, it can be slightly weathered. Please refer to the drawings for details.

1. If it is a pipe pile, the enclosure should be constructed later. If it is a concrete cast-in-place pile, the enclosure can be constructed at the same time.

2. Earthwork excavation should have a special construction plan, and the excavation should be carried out according to the plan, and it is forbidden to excavate more than 2 meters in one place.

3. Excavation is only allowed after the foundation pit precipitation meets the requirements.

4. The steel bar should pay attention not to leak ribs, wrong specifications, excessive mesh spacing, lap position, joint percentage, steel bar welding quality, protective layer, embedded parts position, etc.

5. Through the water-stopping steel plate of the column, the cut stirrups should be welded with the water-stopping steel plate.

6. The rubber waterstop at the post-pouring belt must be protected, especially when supporting the mold!!

7. A virtual fiber must pay attention to whether the quality and position of the steel bar binding at the advanced waterstop meet the requirements.

8. If there are people who have a defense project, pay special attention to the direction of the steel hook of the air defense wall, the anchorage length, the node practice, etc.

9. There is no obvious visible water in the foundation pit, and if there is, it must be pumped away in time. It is necessary to pay attention to the normal operation of the precipitation system.

10. High-rise buildings must have pile foundations, and attention should be paid to the connection between piles and foundation floors, especially the anchorage of steel bars.

11. Concrete construction should have a special construction plan to imitate, and the cooling system should be considered for large-volume concrete. The elevation of the concrete plate should be controlled, the concrete mark should not be mistaken, and the test block should be done in time, and several sets of spare parts must be made.

12. Special attention should be paid to concrete maintenance work and temperature measurement, and there should be written records.

13. If it is a water-based coating, it is necessary to pay attention to the number of brushing, direction and thickness to meet the requirements. If it is a coil, pay attention to the requirements of lap length and width, and if you use a bonding agent, you should apply it evenly. (The sharp corners should be rounded).

14. Attention should be paid to the safety monitoring of foundation pits. It is necessary to check more, especially after heavy rain, the safety of foundation pits.

15. There is a high-voltage line or something on the edge of the foundation pit, and a protective frame should be made. There are specific requirements for prohibiting piles of things at the edge of the foundation pit.

16. The foundation in the foundation pit is generally the place where the construction is low first, and then the construction is high. There are exceptions, which should be determined according to the actual situation.

From the incomplete introduction of the title, it can be seen that it is an old house with a multi-storey masonry structure, more than twenty years old, right?

A normal house should meet the three aspects of safety and reliability, reliable use, and durability and reliability. Today, there are cracks in the wall a few years ago, which indicates that there are hidden dangers in terms of safety; Water seepage, septic tank is no longer usable, will endanger safety, and can no longer be used; In terms of durability, it is also 'not far from the dilapidated house when people reach old age'. According to the current demands, it should be demolished and rebuilt.

If there are no economic conditions, if you want to maintain the original state, when you want to hold on for a few days, there is no other good way to mend the joints, it is recommended to open the original septic tank to remove, and backfill, layer tamping, to ensure the safety of the house, which is important; Translate 1 2 m away from the foundation of the house, build a new septic tank (save the takeover).

The solution of waterproofing in the original septic tank is completely unreliable and unfeasible.

After the data binding, the completion acceptance of the unit project is all classified according to the requirements of the CRR combined into the document, and the main acceptance is not binding, and the A3 paper is folded and bound together.

Remedy:1Angular grouting reinforces the existing building, and the sleeve valve pipe is used for uninterrupted grouting, which can generally effectively control the sinking of the building. According to past experience, when grouting, pay attention to whether the ground of nearby buildings has been lifted.

2.Analyze the reasons for the subsidence of your building foundation, part of the building subsidence is caused by excessive groundwater pumping during construction, if this is the case, you can drill holes to take the method of groundwater recharge to compensate for the groundwater.

3.If conditions are met, the foundation can be directly widened and lengthened, and the stress area can be increased to control the subsidence.

4.In the beam lifting method, the foundation is reconstructed on both sides of the foundation, and then the forces of the original foundation are transferred to the new foundation through the beams.

5.The steel pipe pile underpinning and jacking correction method are used to deal with the sinking column foundation.

Understand that the foundation of what you said is not in place, it may be two cases. One is that the strength of the foundation does not meet the design requirements, and the other is that the size or height of the foundation is too small.

If the foundation strength is insufficient, it is necessary to see how much it is different, and if the design and accounting can meet the bearing capacity requirements, it can also be disposed of. If the difference is too much, it is necessary to carry out reinforcement treatment, and there are many methods: such as increasing the cross-sectional area of the foundation; or re-establish a new foundation; Or pile up around this foundation.

Wait a minute. Of course, these methods also need to be reviewed and confirmed by the strength of the design unit to meet the bearing capacity of the building.

If only the size of the foundation is small, it can be poured twice to reach the original design size.

When the foundation earthwork is excavated, the construction unit finds that the on-site soil layer and the survey and design are not consistent, and the original design drawings and basic information provided by Party A may be inaccurate, or it may be that the site situation has changed during the design period, and the construction unit should take remedial measures including, 1If there is a serious discrepancy and the construction cannot be continued, the work should be stopped immediately, the evidence should be fixed, and Party A should claim compensation. 2.

Report in writing to Party A and the supervising party, and convene the survey and design party to jointly review the drawings. Adopt a design change procedure to resolve the issue.

Stop the construction and report to Party A to contact the design institute and the exploration unit.

out of the change plan.