The function of the metropolis and city of the Tang Dynasty

The most important role of the fang market system, which has existed for thousands of years in Chinese history, is to create an urban commercial space under the rule of law. When it achieved strict segregation of the city as a residential area and a commercial area, and established and monitored the "city", a closed city system was formed.

Before the Song Dynasty, most of China's traditional cities were the ruling centers or military towns of various dynasties, and in order to better maintain their rule, the residents and commercial activities in the city were strictly controlled and a series of complete systems were formed, and the fang market system was a typical example. From the literal point of view, "fang" and "city" are two concepts.

Fang, also known as li, or fangli, was the most basic unit of the ancient city. The Tang dynasty Su E pointed out in "The Romance of the Su Family", "Fang is also a fang." The speaker is in the square, the square, the square, the right. The "city" is the place where goods are exchanged.

The fang market system is mainly manifested in the strict separation of residential areas (squares) and trading areas (cities), and the use of laws and systems to strictly control the time and place of transactions. The Tang Dynasty Fang City system has the dual functions of management and service, the management function is to maintain feudal rule as the main purpose (focusing on the fang), and the service function has the purpose of maintaining market order and promoting the stable development of the economy (focusing on the city).

Those who live in the city are the fangs, and those who are in the fields are the villages." The "fang" in the fang city system is a closed management mode that divides all kinds of buildings in the city into a closed geographical space, and divides the urban residents into zones to live and maintain relative independence. As the pinnacle of the development of the fang city system in the past dynasties, the Tang Dynasty lived and managed the city residents according to the fang, forming a unified urban pattern.

In the metropolis of the Tang Dynasty, Fang was a residential area, and the city was a commercial area, and the city was separated.

The Tang Dynasty's fang market system was relatively strict, the fang was a residential area, the city was a commercial area, and it was stipulated that "people who are not above the third grade are not allowed to open the door along the street". The situation of commercial and residential use and shops along the street in those ancient dramas on TV was impossible in the Tang Dynasty, at least before the Middle Tang Dynasty. It is generally impossible to have an inn in the square, and if the inn is in the urban area of the city, it can only be found in the city.

There should be no inn in Qinrenfang. However, in the late Tang Dynasty, the people in the fang had the act of "invading the street and hitting the wall", and there may also be inns in the fang.

By the end of the Tang Dynasty, the fang market system had been relaxed, and it completely collapsed after the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Fang is a residential area, and the city is a commercial area.

The capital of the Tang Dynasty was Chang'an.

Chang'an is the political, military, economic and cultural center of the Tang Dynasty ruling the world, and is the foundation of the entire Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty has a total of 20 emperors, of which 18 imperial tombs are around Chang'an, and there are two puppet emperors' tombs in Luoyang, so Chang'an is the legal capital of the Tang Dynasty, there is no doubt about it.

Historical significance of Chang'an:

Chang'an is the ancient capital of the thirteen dynasties, the capital city with the most dynasties, the longest time and the most influential in Chinese history, the first of the four ancient capitals in China, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the cradle of the Chinese nation, the outstanding representative of Chinese culture, and the largest city in the world during the Sui and Tang dynasties.

Chang'an is one of the world's four world-famous ancient civilizations, and is one of the first "World Historic Cities" identified by UNESCO and one of the first national historical and cultural cities to be announced. Chang'an is the eastern starting point of the Silk Road.

7,000 years ago, the Yangshao cultural period has appeared in the rudiments of the city wall, with a history of more than 3,100 years and a history of more than 1,100 years of the national capital, as the capital of China and the political, economic and cultural center for more than 1,000 years, known as the natural history museum, is an internationally famous tourist destination city.

The capitals of the Tang Dynasty were Chang'an and Luoyang

Chang'an and Luoyang were both the capitals of the Tang Dynasty, with Chang'an as the capital in 618-904 and Luoyang as the capital in 904-907. The Tang Dynasty was one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history and is widely regarded as one of the most powerful eras in China.

Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty in 618, with Chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi) as the capital, and later Luoyang as the eastern capital. At its peak in the 7th century AD, the deserts of Central Asia were also dominated by it. In 690, Wu Zetian changed the name of the country to Zhou, moved the capital to Luoyang, and was known as Wu Zhou in history, until 705 when Tang Zhongzong restored the name of the Tang Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty gradually declined after the Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year of Tianbao (755), and in 907, Zhu Quanzhong, the king of Liangsheng, usurped the throne and perished, which lasted for 289 years and passed on 19 emperors.

The historical evolution of ancient Chang'an

Ancient Chang'an is now Xi'an, Chang'an is the eastern starting point of the Silk Road, and is the first in history to be called"Kyo"The capital city is also a typical example of the separation of urban construction cities (commercial districts) and fang (residential areas) in China. King Wen of Zhou set the capital here, built Fengjing, King Wu ascended the throne and then built Hojing, collectively called Feng Ho, Xi'an referred to as Ho originated from this.

Han Gaozu five years (202 years ago) placed Chang'an County, on the south bank of the Wei River, the north side of Afang Palace, Qin Xingle Palace on the basis of the construction of Changle Palace, Gaozu seven years (200 years ago) to build Weiyang Palace, in the same year the national capital moved here from Liyang, because it is located in Chang'an Township, so the name Chang'an City, take the meaning"Long-term peace and stability"。

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together, and Li Yuan, the prince of Tang Lu, took advantage of the situation to raise troops in Jinyang, proclaimed himself emperor in 618, established the Tang Dynasty, and set the capital of Chang'an. After Tang Taizong succeeded to the throne, he created the rule of Zhenguan and laid the foundation for the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and created the "rule of Yonghui".

In 690, Wu Zetian changed the name of the country to Zhou, and in 705, after the Shenlong Blind Demolition Revolution, the name of the Tang State was restored. During the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, there was a prosperous era of Kaiyuan, which made the Tang Dynasty reach its heyday. In the last years of Tianbao, the population of the country reached about 80 million.

In the eighth year of Tang Gaozu Wude (625), he moved the Yangzhou administrative office from Danyang to Guangling (now Yangzhou). In the first year of Zhenguan of Tang Taizong (627), the state system was abolished, and the whole country was divided into 10 provinces, Yangzhou belonged to Huainan Province, so far, "Yangzhou" is no longer a provincial concept, and "Yangzhou City" has continued from this time to the present. The prosperous Yangzhou city in history is now the old town of Yangzhou City - Guangling District.

In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty (742), Yangzhou was changed to Guangling County. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Zongqian of Tang Su (758), Guangling County was reformed to Yangzhou. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Jianghuai was in turmoil. In the second year of Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty (902), Huainan Jiedu made Yang Xingmi be crowned King of Wu in Yangzhou.

In the sixteenth year of Tianyou (919), Yang Wei (Yang Longyan, the second son of Yang Xingmi) officially established the state of Wu, with Jiangdu as the national capital, Yangzhou as Jiangdu Fu, and Yuan Wuyi.