Microeconomic production topic, ask the big guy to help 30

There are a lot of materials for the micro part, but it seems that the macro part is better to write I have an idea, and I suggest that you discuss the impact of the division of labor on economic and social development. I don't know if you're looking at Adam now. Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" is a very good analysis of the origin of the division of labor and the improvement of social productivity, and it is recommended to quote it.

Not only in the early stage of capitalist development, but also for modern society, the division of labor is also very important, the most typical example is Ford's invention of the assembly line production method, which greatly reduced the production cost of automobiles, and the discussion of division of labor for the development of enterprises, management can also be involved. Finally, it can also involve some macro parts, such as regional division of labor, regional cooperation in the context of a globalized economy, for example, many international manufacturers do not produce parts and components, and use the labor advantages of developing countries to reduce costs, which not only plays a role in economic growth, but also plays a role in technological exchanges. If you think I've given you some advice, you can leave me a message and I can hear what you think about it and help you think about it.

The oracle urn can't be done, and the v starts to go to sleep, the guard bureau uu will not say anything, what do you think, what can you say about it, what can you say when it snows heavily, who do you say you are.

u=u(x1,x2)=(x1)^a(x2)^b

Suppose that the ** of goods x1 and x2 is p1, p2, and the income is y. What is sought in the problem is the Marshall demand function.

The combination of each point (xi, pi) on the demand function is a combination of the points that maximize utility. Therefore, the following mathematical plan can be written:

max：u=(x1)^a(x2)^b

x1p1+x2p2≤y

Construct a Lagrangian function to solve this scheme.

f=(x1) a(x2) b-t(x1p1+x2p2-y), t is the Lagrange multiplier.

df/dx1=0：ax1^(a-1)x2^b-tp1=0...1)

df/dx2=0：bx1^ax2^(b-1)-tp2=0...2)

df/dt=0：x1p1+x2p2-y=0...3)

From (1)(2), we get: bx1p1=ax2p2....4)

For the deformation (4): x2p2=(bx1p1) a, bring in equation (3): x1p1+(bx1p1) a=y, and get the demand function: x1=ay p1

Similarly: x2=by p2.

The deformation of the demand function shows the meaning of parameters a,b: (x1p1) y=a, since a (0,1), the meaning of parameters a,b is the share of the expenditure of goods x1,x2 in total income.

Isn't this a Cobb-Douglas cd function, which is an optimal programming problem, and DAO uses the Lagrange multiplier method to solve the internal solution. In this capacity, set x1 and x2 of ** are p1 and p2 respectively, and the budget constraint is i

That is, (x1*p1+x2*p2=i).

The resulting demand function is x1=a*i p1, x2=b*i p2, and as for the argument a b, you can understand it as the contribution of the two commodities to utility in this consumption bundle. If you look at the indirect demand functions, you will find that they also have a very special meaning.

60 hours.

From Q=, we can know MPL=, and P=, W=, and according to VMP=P·MPL=W, we can obtain:

Solution: , or, l=60

Round off l=20 3, because, in this case, d mpl dl 0) optimal solution is l=60.

In other words, manufacturers need to hire 60 hours of labor a day to get the maximum profit. [Solution] The principle of using the element of vmp=w is used to calculate.

There is an equilibrium condition for perfectly competing firms: mr=mc

From the meaning of the question mc=5 p=

mr=(tr)'=(p*q)'=('=

So we can find that l=60 or l=20 3l is less than 24 working hours per day

So l=20 3

I wanted to use a formulator.,But I suddenly found out that I don't know where 03word is, I hope you can understand.

tr）'Indicates that the derivative of tr is obtained

I am very grateful to the two students for participating in the discussion of the question, but there is no answer to this question, and I don't know how to correct it. But I think both of you have a lot of sense, and it's a bit in-depth for me as a layman, hehe. Look at your explanations and deepen your familiarity and understanding of knowledge.

If there are similar questions in the exam, then I will do both methods, huhu.

The first and third questions turned out to be miscalculated.

So the second question is actually a rewriting of the question: knowing u=xy, px=4, py=4, u=400, what is the budget?

1.First method:

It's the same as upstairs, and why mux px=muy py should be understood like this: because when we solve such problems in economics, we think that the individual must make a rational choice; So what kind of consumption mix is he willing to accept? It must be that the marginal utility of each dollar received on two consumer goods is equal.

That is to say, if every dollar spent on x brings him greater utility than every dollar spent on y, then the consumer will definitely spend all his money on x, because x makes him reap greater utility. Therefore, it is only desirable to the consumer if the utility that the two can bring to him is equal. Then there is the answer to the first method.

If you still can't understand it, then see if the second option is acceptable?

2.The second method:

This method may not be used by you during the exam, because this is an advanced micro analysis idea, just introduce it:

In economics, the utility maximization problem and the expenditure minimization problem are a set of dual relationships, i.e., the utility maximization choice under a given expenditure and the expenditure minimization choice under a given utility are equivalent. Then the above question can be transformed into:

min 4x+4y

u=xy=400

Since neither x nor y can be 0 in this case, the conditional sub: xy=400 can be converted to x=400 y

If we bring in the min minimization problem, we can get 4*400 y+4y=1600 y+4y

Then solve the minimum value of the above equation 1600 y+4y.

Here, it is important to note that x and y are both representative quantities and must be greater than or equal to 0; At the same time, it can be known from the form of the utility function that if one of x,y is 0, the utility must be equal to 0, and it cannot be 400, so x and y must be integers greater than 0

So with the help of a formula: we have all learned this (x-y)(x-y)>=0 derivation: x*x+y*y>=2xy, therefore, using this inequality relationship to find the minimum value of the above equation, I have used the deformation of the formula mathtype, uploaded **, you can refer to take the minimum value when the equal sign is established, that is, 160, so the number of budget increases is 80

I don't know if you understand this explanation? o( oHa!

mux=y, muy=x

y/1=x/4

x+4y=80

So x=40, y=10

The total utility is 40*10=400

2. y/4=x/4

u=xy=400

then x=y=20

The budget is 20 x 4 + 20 x 4 = 160

The budget increased by 80

2.The situation is more discussed, in the completely competitive market, large enterprises are good, but also.

3.Small profits but quick turnover, with low prices to quickly occupy the market, can achieve monopoly. For example, Microsoft's Windows system back then.

4.Monopoly causes the supply and demand of society to not reach the equilibrium point, so social production does not reach the effective point. As for the positive effect, it is to make it easier to regulate. (There are really not many positive effects, and I don't mention them).

5.Limit oil production and shift the curve to the left to raise the curve. Similar to monopoly.

6.The low price of cereals led to a significant reduction in the marginal income of the peasants, and thus the utitlity of the peasants was greatly reduced. The peasants felt uncomfortable.

7.Regardless of whether A chooses to admit or not to admit it, B chooses not to admit it is the best choice, and A and B are the opposite, so AB will choose to admit it.

8.No.

From the expression of u, it can be seen that consumers pursue the consumption mix of maximizing utility (x,y)=(50,40), and the total consumption at this time is 75 yuan, which is in the consumption constraint.

Then, a, it is wrong to be wrong to always be negative, of course, the error is mainly that the consumer's consumption condition is utility maximization, not the positive value of the utility function.

b, error, marginal utility mu=-2(x-50)-2(y-40), they do not have monotonically increasing cases after x is greater than 50 and y is greater than 40.

c, correct, because the money has not been used up in the first place, the maximized consumption mix has been confirmed as (50, 40), and it is useless to add money.

d, false, since the optimal quantity is the only value determined, as long as the final total consumption is within the income range, ** has no corresponding effect.

E, false, only C is correct.