What is the principle of electrification of conductors? Why can t other substances conduct electrici

It can be understood this way, from an atomic point of view.

Matter is made up of atoms, and the electrons on the outside of each atom are layered. The outermost electrons determine the electrical properties of matter. Only the movement of electrons can form an electric current.

After knowing the above principle.

Generally, the electrons of the conductor are dissatisfied in this outermost shell, and even the outermost shell of these electrons is superimposed on the empty layer that is further than him, which makes the electrons have a lot of room for movement. For other substances, each layer is far away and the outermost electron row is full, and the outermost layer with electrons is very far away from the other layers, and the electrons lack room to move.

There are also semiconductors that fall somewhere between a conductor and a semiconductor.

I don't know how to explain your understanding like this? I understood it better when I went to college.

The one on the first floor talked nonsense according to his own understanding.

Whether an object or substance conducts electricity or not depends on whether there is a free moving charge in the conductorIt doesn't matter if you have a voltage applied to the ends of the conductor, it's an ability of the substance itself.

Most of them are conductive because there is a charge in the metal that can move freely, and some solutions can conduct electricity because there are ions in the solution that can move freely. It cannot conduct electricity because it does not have a charge that can move freely. There is no other reason.

When the conductor is energized, there is a voltage at both ends of the conductor, and under the action of the voltage, the free charge in the conductor moves directionally, so an electric current is generated in the conductor. In the case of an insulator, there is almost no free charge inside, so there is no directional movement, so no current is formed.

The principle is that the directional movement of electrons creates an electric current... Other substances can also conduct electricity, but they are a bit demanding. In fact, the insulator is so bound by its electrons that the voltage is low enough to make its electrons move directionally...

I haven't studied physics for a long time.,,Only as a maternity exam.。

In the concept of physical substances, objects that can conduct electricity are called conductors and sails, and objects that cannot conduct electricity are called hailstones?

Correct Answer: Insulators.

This is the magnetic effect of electric current. That is, if a straight metal wire passes an electric current, then a circular magnetic field will be created in the space around the wire. The greater the current flowing through the wire, the stronger the magnetic field generated. The magnetic field is circular and surrounds the wire.

The principle can be explained as the Ampere molecular current hypothesis: Ampere believes that inside the particles of substances such as atoms and molecules, there is a kind of annular current - molecular current, which makes each particle a tiny magnet, and the two sides of the molecule are equivalent to two magnetic poles, but in fact, the electrons in the molecule do not revolve around the nucleus but the electron cloud formed by the probability of electrons appearing in space.

Definition. Magnetic Effect of Electric Currents (Magnetism Produced by Electricity): Oster discovered that any wire that is emitted with an electric current can produce a magnetic field around it, a phenomenon called the magnetic effect of electric current.

A non-magnetic metal can produce a magnetic field with an electric current that has the same effect as a magnet.

The magnetic field generated around the long straight wire with the current is generated: Around the long straight wire with the current is generated, the shape of the magnetic inductance line is a concentric circle closed with the wire as the center, and the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of the spring current.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Magnetic Effect of Current.

Answer: When a conductor is energized, a magnetic field is generated.

The magnetic field of the electric current:

An electric current is generated in a closed circuit, and when the current passes through the conductor, a magnetic field of a certain range of magnitude is generated around the conductor (i.e., the current), and this magnetic field generated by the current is called the magnetic field of the current.

The magnetic field of the electric current is strong or weak, and its magnetic field strength.

The magnitude is related to the magnitude of the current, and under certain conditions, the larger the current, the greater the magnetic field of the current.

The magnetic field of an electric current has a direction, and the direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the Ampere's rule.

Hold the wire (conductor or current) with your right hand so that the direction of your thumb is the direction of the current (current from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and the thumb points to the negative electrode), and the direction in which the four fingers surround is the direction of the magnetic field.

If the direction of the current is not parallel to the direction of the magnetic field, then the energized conductor is subjected to ampere force in the magnetic field.

Ampere force is the force exerted on an energized wire in a magnetic field. It was first experimentally determined by the French physicist A. Ampère. It can be expressed as:

If a straight wire with a current intensity of i and a length l is placed in a uniform external magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity of b, the ampere force on the wire is f=iblsin, where is the angle between the current direction in the wire and the b direction, and the units of f, l, i and b are n, m, a and t, respectively. The direction of the ampere force is perpendicular to the plane determined by the energized wire and the direction of the magnetic field, and the direction between i, b, and f is determined by the left-hand rule. The ampere force exerted on an arbitrarily shaped wire in a uniform magnetic field can be seen as the vector sum of the ampere force experienced by an infinite number of linear current elements iδl in a magnetic field.

In the special theory of relativity, there is a certain connection between the ampere force and the Lorentz force of charged particles.

The force exerted by a magnetic field on an electric current is often referred to as the ampere force, which commemorates the outstanding contribution of the French physicist Ampère to the study of the force exerted by magnetic fields on electric currents.

The force exerted on an energized wire in a magnetic field. A straight wire with current I and length L. The ampere force experienced in a uniform magnetic field b is:

f=ilbsin, where is (i,b), is the angle between the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field.

The direction of the ampere force is determined by the left-hand rule. For the force of the arbitrary shape of the current by the non-uniform magnetic field, the current can be decomposed into many segments of the current element iδl, the magnetic field b at each current element can be regarded as a uniform magnetic field, and the ampere force is δf=iδl·bsin, and the addition of these many ampere force vectors is the force of the whole current.

It should be noted that when the direction of the current is the same or opposite to the direction of the magnetic field, i.e., =0 or , the current is not acted upon by the magnetic field force. When the direction of the current is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, the maximum ampere force of the current is f = is the magnetic induction intensity, i is the current intensity, and l is the length of the wire perpendicular to the magnetic inductance line.

Direction of force – left-hand rule.

Extend your left hand so that your thumb is perpendicular to the other four fingers and in a plane, so that the magnetic inductance line passes through the palm of your hand, and the four fingers point in the direction of the current, and the thumb points to the ampere force (i.e., the direction of the conductor force) (see the figure above).

The significance of the ampere force is that, on the one hand, it further points out the interconnection between electricity and magnetism; On the other hand, the application value, the working principle of the electric motor is based on ampere force.

The essence of ampere force work: it plays the role of transferring energy, transferring the energy of the power supply to the energized straight wire, and the magnetic field itself cannot provide energy, and the characteristics of ampere force work are similar to static friction work.

Because of magnetic copying.

The field is repulsive and opposite-sex is attracted, and the energized conductor will produce a magnetic field, resulting in the magnetic field generated by the energized conductor, which will be repulsed by the magnetic field in the magnetic field, or attracted. And there is no middle way choice that is not the same sex and not the opposite sex, so the energized conductor is not only repulsed or suction in the magnetic field, but also can rotate according to the will of the person, which is the motor. If it's the other way around, it's a generator.

Substances that are not good at conducting electric current are called insulators, and insulators are also called dielectrics. They have extremely high resistivity. Definition of Insulator:

Objects that do not easily conduct electricity are called insulators. Insulators and conductors, there are no absolute boundaries. Insulators can be converted into conductors under certain conditions.

It should be noted here that the reason for conducting electricity: whether it is a solid or a liquid, if there are electrons or ions in it that can move freely, then it can conduct electricity.

There is no free-moving charge, and under certain conditions, conductive particles can be produced, then it can also become a conductor.

For a long time, magnetic phenomena and electrical phenomena have been studied separately, especially Gilbert's in-depth analysis and comparison of magnetic and electrical phenomena asserted that electricity and magnetism are two completely different phenomena, and there is no consistency. Since then, many scientists have believed that electricity and magnetism are not related, and even Coulomb has asserted that electricity and magnetism are two completely different entities, and they cannot interact or transform.

Oster firmly believed in the unity of the various forces in the objective world, and began to study the unity of electricity and magnetism. In 1751, Franklin used the method of Leiden bottle discharge to magnetize a steel needle, which inspired Oster a lot, and he realized that the conversion of electricity to magnetism is not a possible and impossible problem, but a question of how to achieve it, and the conditions of electricity and magnetic conversion are the key to the problem. At first, Oster speculated that the current would heat up when it passed through a wire with a smaller diameter

If the diameter of the energized wire is further reduced, then the wire will glow, and if the diameter is further reduced to a certain extent, then a magnetic effect will be generated. However, Oster did not discover the conversion of electricity to magnetism along this path. Oster did not lose heart, he continued to experiment, keep thinking, he analyzed that the previous experiments were to find the magnetic effect of the current in the direction of the current, but the results were all invalid, could it be that the effect of the current on the magnet is not longitudinal at all, but a transverse force, so Oster continued to carry out new exploration.

One evening in April 1820, while giving a lecture to a scholar who was well versed in philosophy and had considerable knowledge of physics, Oster connected a very thin wire between the poles of a small Galvani cell, placed a magnetic needle directly under the wire, and then closed the electric bond. He changed the direction of the current and found that the small magnetic needle was deflected in the opposite direction, but there was no other magnet on the circuit except for a magnetic needle, so he disconnected the electric key, and the magnetic needle returned to its original north-south direction, indicating that there was some connection between the direction of the current and the rotation of the magnetic needle.

In order to further understand the effect of the current on the magnetic needle, Oster spent three months from April to July 1820 and did more than 60 experiments. Place the magnetic needle at different distances from the wire to investigate the strength of the current on the magnetic needle; Put glass, metal, wood, stone, tile, pine resin, water, etc. between the magnetic needle and the wire, and investigate the effect of the current on the magnetic needle ....... On July 21, 1820, he published a paper entitled "Experiments on the Collision of Electric Currents on a Magnetic Needle", which was a very concise report of his experiments in just four pages, announcing to the scientific community the magnetic effect of electric currents. July 21, 1820 went down in history as an epoch-making date, which opened the prelude to electromagnetism and marked the beginning of the era of electromagnetism.

There is a magnetic field around the energized wire, which is called the magnetic effect of electric current.

I hope I can help you with your doubts.