Why do conductors conduct electricity? Why am I so easy to conduct electricity?

In metallic conductors such as Cu, Au, Ag, etc., the free electron model can be used to interpret it. The simple understanding is that in metal atoms, the nucleus of the atom is not strong in the constraints of the outermost electrons (shell electrons), and the shell electrons can move very freely, and when there are many, many atoms gathered together to form a large whole, each atom contributes some "free electrons", and these electrons can be regarded as "publicized". When a conductor is connected to an energized circuit, these free electrons can move directionally under the electric field, forming an electric current.

If you don't understand it here, you can pass: from the perspective of solid state physics, the conduction band and valence band of a metal conductor overlap each other (the energy state can be simply understood as the state that the electron hole can occupy), and when the Fermi surface is in it, the electron has an energy state that can be occupied, which is manifested as being able to conduct electricity. However, in addition to metals, there are many, many conductive substances, such as topological insulators, oxide interface two-dimensional electronic gases, etc., the parts of these materials that can conduct electricity are no longer as conductive as metals, but a certain part of the material can conduct electricity, or usually does not conduct electricity, and conducts electricity at the interface when some conditions are met.

Conductivity is nothing more than the net motion of charged particles in an object in one direction. Imagine that each grid on an infinite board is a valley, with the lowest energy, equivalent to the nucleus, the center of the space equivalent to the mountain, and the higher energy, and the electrons are very fast balls that can roll throughout the board. Some balls are very slow and slow, they can only go around in the valley, these are local electrons, some are very fast, the valley can't tie it up at all, tie it, so it's free, it's running around, it's the wind, it's sand, it's a wild horse, it's free electrons.

There are free electrons, which do not necessarily conduct electricity. Because there are many, many free electrons, and in either direction, there are both electrons going forward and the same number of electrons going backward, so the current is always zero. It may be different when you add an electric field, which drives electrons in one direction like a whip, and if nothing else, there will be more electrons running in one direction, and the number of electrons running on both sides will be much different, and there will be an electric current on the macroscopic level....The accident is....Electrons hitting the mountain may be reflected back, so whipping them has no effect at all, this is an insulator, although there is an electric field, it still does not conduct electricity...Unless you use great force, great force will produce miracles....No, high voltage can turn an insulator into a conductor, well.

The electric field is added and it does not conduct electricity, except for this insulator, and all the electrons are localized in the valley, so that there are no free electrons. There are also defects and impurities in the crystal lattice, which is equivalent to a lot of sinkholes in a good wave valley....Great crater....And then a lot of electrons go in and can't get out, which is the Anderson insulator, and the doping has turned the conductor into an insulator. There is also a strengthened magnetic field, all the electrons are spinning in place, and they are no longer free, so they can't conduct electricity.

Any crystal (including crystals of metals, insulators, and semiconductors) is made up of atoms, which are composed of nuclei as well as electrons, and when the electrons are bound by the nucleus, the energy is lower, and the energy level occupied is within the lower finite band energy, which is called the valence band. When an electron absorbs energy and becomes a free electron, the energy is higher and it is within a higher band energy, which is called the conduction band. The energy band sandwiched between the valence band and the conduction band cannot be occupied by electrons, called the bandgap, its width is called the bandgap width, expressed by EG, EG is related to the material category and temperature, the larger the EG electrons are less likely to jump to the conduction band, so the crystal with large EG is called an insulator, and the crystal with a small EG is called a conductor.

Conductance is the ability to conduct electricity.

Conductivity is the ability to conduct electricity; A measure of how easily a certain conductor allows an electric current to pass through it: the reciprocal of resistance, the muohm is the unit in which the conductance is measured, and it is the reciprocal ohm. Its pinyin is diàn dǎo; For example:

Heating two different metallic or other non-metallic electrical conductors together also generates a certain voltage.

Conductivity

Conductivity (EC) is a numerical representation of the ability of a solution to conduct electric current. The electrical conductivity of pure water is very low, and it increases when the water contains inorganic acids, alkalis, salts, or organic charged colloids. Conductivity is often used to indirectly estimate the total concentration of charged species in water.

The conductivity of an aqueous solution depends on the properties and concentration of the charged species, the temperature and viscosity of the solution, etc.

The standard unit of conductivity is m (Siemens meter), and the unit of conductivity is often used as ms cm or us cm. The conductivity (EC) of the new distilled water is that after a period of storage, the conductivity can rise to ; Clean river water conductivity is 10 ms m.

Conductivity varies with temperature, and for every 1 increase in temperature, the conductivity increases by 2%, and 25 is usually specified as the standard temperature for determining conductivity. Plant nutrient solution has an electrical conductivity effect, and within a certain concentration range, its conductivity will increase with the increase of nutrient solution concentration. The linear relationship between the concentration dose (S) of the nutrient solution and the conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution:

ec=。Normal EC values range from 1-4 mmHos cm (or MS cm). If the soluble salt content (EC value) in the substrate is too high, reverse osmotic pressure may be formed, displacing water from the root system, causing damage to the root tip and losing the ability to absorb water and nutrients. Generally, the EC value of irrigation water is required to be less than.

The EC value and pH value of the drainage solution are more important than the EC and pH of the irrigation solution.

Summary. Hello, maybe you are wearing some jewelry, or with some conductors. The basic principle of electric current is that the direction of the electron is moving, while the direction of the electron's motion is a negative charge.

In the opposite direction of the electron's movement, it is the electric current. Under normal voltage conditions, the greater the number of active electrons in a conductor, the easier it is to cause the directional movement of electrons, which is manifested as conductive substances such as metals and solutions. Whereas, in non-conductive bodies, there can be no active electrons, like wood, most polymers.

Why am I so easy to conduct electricity?

Hello, maybe you are wearing some jewelry, or with some conductors. The basic principle of electric current is that the direction of the electron is moving, while the direction of the electron's motion is a negative charge. In the opposite direction of the electron's movement, it is the electric current.

Under normal voltage conditions, the greater the number of active electrons in a conductor, the easier it is to cause the directional movement of electrons, which is manifested as conductive substances such as metals and solutions. Whereas, in non-conductive bodies, there can be no active electrons, like wood, most polymers.

Look at it, kiss.

First of all, it is good to correct the misconception that there is no charge inside the conductor, when the electrostatic equilibrium is reached, there is no "net charge" inside the conductor, that is, the algebraic sum of the positive and negative charges inside the conductor is zero.

By definition, electrostatic equilibrium is a state in which the free charge in a conductor stops moving directionally, from which it can be deduced that the conductor that reaches electrostatic equilibrium has zero internal field strength everywhere.

The conductor is placed in an electric field, and the free charge inside the conductor moves directionally under the action of the external electric field E, which is called electrostatic induction;

As a result of the directional movement, an equal amount of dissimilar charges is accumulated on both sides of the conductor, thus establishing an electric field e within the conductor that is excited by the induced charge', the electric field of the induced charge is reversed from the external electric field; Therefore, the combined electric field strength inside the conductor is e-e'

The external electric field does not change, and the electric field e of the induced charge is e'It increases as the induced charge increases, and finally reaches equilibrium with the external electric field: e-e'=0

At this time, the combined electric field strength inside the conductor is zero everywhere, and there is no longer a directional movement of the charge, which is the final state of electrostatic induction, which we call electrostatic equilibrium.

Electrostatic equilibrium is actually the fact that the object is not electrically external, that is, the particles with positive and negative charges are equal in number! The particles that are charged are called electric charges.

Strictly speaking, the inner surface and outer surface of the conductor are called the outer surface.

The inside of the conductor refers to the part of the metal that, in the case of the cavity, is the part that is sandwiched between the two balls. That is, the inner surface is not the inside.

There is no net charge inside the conductor, and the inside here is strictly the inside.

The inner surface is not always uncharged, but the inside is always uncharged. For example, if there is a positive charge of rolling lead at the center of a hollow conductor cavity, then the charge will be induced on the inner and outer surfaces of the conductor cavity.

The outer surface of a Faraday cylinder is referred to as (inner surface + outer surface), and the inner part is the metal of the guide body. It is in electrostatic equilibrium, its outer surface is charged, the inner surface is not charged, there is no net charge inside, and the field strength in the cavity and inside the conductor is zero everywhere. The reason for this balance is that you can understand that all these net charges are crowded out of each other, until the outer wall can't be crowded.

In general, no.

Examples: 1. Smoke, clouds, and fog are aerosols, smoky quartz, colored glass is solid sols, protein solutions, starch solutions, soapy water, and human blood is liquid sols.

2. Starch colloid, protein colloid is molecular colloid, and soil is particle colloid.

Not all of them are electrically conductive, and if there is a molecular colloid, such as starch, it cannot be touched, while another colloidal iron hydroxide slag roller body conducts electricity.

Whether the colloid conducts electricity depends on whether the colloidal particles of the colloid are charged or not, and the colloids that are not charged are not conductive: such as protein solution, its colloidal particles are protein molecules or starch molecules, which are electrically neutral, so they are not conductive; Charged colloidal conductivity: such as iron hydroxide colloid, iron hydroxide colloids adsorb ferric ions and have a positive charge; For example, the colloids of silicate colloids and soil colloids have a negative charge, and the charged particles can move directionally under the action of the electric field, thus conducting electricity.

Colloid, also known as colloidal dispersion, is a relatively homogeneous mixture, which contains two different states of substances in the colloid, one is dispersed and the other is continuous. A part of the dispersed matter is composed of tiny particles or liquid droplets, and the dispersion system of the dispersed particles with a diameter of 1 100 nm is colloidal. Colloids are a kind of dispersion systems with a diameter of dispersed particles between the coarse dispersion system and the solution, which is a highly dispersed multiphase heterogeneous system. Colloids don't have to be gelatinous and don't have to be liquids.

Such as: iron hydroxide colloid, clouds, fog, etc.

Why does the human body conduct electricity

Our bodies are not like metal, which conducts electricity easily, but also unlike wood, which is almost not energized at all. Because although our ability to conduct electricity is very poor, when we have just washed our hands or are sweating profusely, our ability to conduct electricity will increase.

Our human body is wrapped in **, and inside the body are all kinds of muscles, internal organs, and bones. These tissues are all soaked in the blood, lymph and other liquids in the human body, and these liquids are like ordinary tap water, which can conduct electricity, so once the electricity passes the ** level, it will flow throughout the body and travel unimpeded.

In fact, if it is pure water without any impurities, it will not be able to pass through the current. In general, ordinary water can conduct electricity because it contains some impurities.

Looking at the fluid in our body, it also contains a lot of metal ions, such as sodium, iron and other ions, which have a considerable degree of electrical conductivity.

The conductivity of various tissues and organs in the human body will vary depending on the amount of water they contain, for example, the brain and heart have a lot of water content and strong conductivity; Bones have less water content, less electrical conductivity.

Knowledge links

The human body contains a large amount of blood, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid, which are mainly composed of water, which dissolves various electrolytes, such as calcium, sodium, potassium and other trace elements. These trace elements often exist in the form of charged ions in body fluids, and move in a directional way to form an electric current, so the human body has electrical conductivity and is prone to electric shock.

The maximum voltage that the human body can withstand is 36 volts, and if the number exceeds 36 volts, the person may suffer damage or even death due to excessive current.

It's the weekend, and I'm watching TV at home. Suddenly, the TV channel flickered, and then my mother happened to come in to clean the room, I told my mother about the situation, and my mother said helplessly: "I don't know what to do, get out of the way, I'm going to wipe the TV."

Alright, alright. I said ecstatically. "What's good?

Mom looked at me questioningly. "What else could it be, of course it's TV. Mom said

Where? "Well, it was fine just now, what's the matter? "It's good again.

For this problem, I summarized it: as soon as my mother touches the antenna, the TV will be fine; As soon as I let go, the TV broke again.

A question popped up in my little head: why does the TV just do when the hand touches the antenna; As soon as you let go, the TV breaks again? I looked up information on the Internet, and I learned that people are conductive of electricity.

So why do people conduct electricity? I looked up further, and there is an electric current in the human body, so there are electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, etc., and the electrolytes are in the human body fluids. The human body contains a large amount of blood, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid, which is mainly composed of water, and every cell in the human body is filled with water, in which various electrolytes are dissolved, all of which constitute human body fluids.

Bodily fluids are present in the human body and account for a very large amount, accounting for 70% of body weight. When the electrolyte is dissolved in the human body fluids, it forms charged ions, and these ions move directionally in the body fluids under the action of an external electric field, forming an electric current, and the human body also has conductivity and becomes a conductor. The conductivity of the human body is also related to the degree of dryness and wetness, the rough and dry resistance can reach tens of thousands of ohms, the delicate and humid resistance, the resistance can be reduced to less than 800 ohms, the degree of conductivity of the human body is related to the voltage and the resistance of the human body, the current endured by the human body for a short time is about 30 milliamperes, and the general human body perceives the current to be about 1 milliampere.

I also learned the truth of the human body's conduction: people are conductors, and there are electric charges in the body that can move freely, and when an electric field is applied, the charges move directionally to produce an electric current. How to prevent electric shock from electrical appliances?

Let me teach you a method: do not touch the palm of your hand when touching metal and electrical appliances, but touch it with the back of your hand, so that even if the electrical appliances are electrified, your hand will naturally retract and will not be electrocuted. If there is a phenomenon that the electrical appliance is electrified, it is recommended to suspend the use of the electrical appliance; If you are not familiar with electricity, please ask the electrician to carefully check it, and then use it after checking and repairing.

Did this little knowledge benefit you a lot?