What are Hegel s main theories?

The three major theories of Hegel's philosophy are: the law of the unity of opposites, the law of quantitative change and qualitative change, and the law of negation of negation.

Hegel's "Logic" distilled three laws: the law of the unity of opposites, the law of quantitative change and qualitative change, and the law of negation of negation. The law of quantitative change and qualitative change is the internal law of things, and the law of negation of negation is the law of the development of things, and the core of these three laws is:

The law of unity of opposites. The other two laws are the forms of the law of the unity of opposites.

The law of the unity of opposites reveals that everything is the unity of contradictions, and contradictions are the source and driving force of the development and change of things. The law of quantitative change and qualitative change reveals the characteristics of the development and change of things, starting from quantitative change, and qualitative change is the end of quantitative change.

The law of negation of negation reveals the characteristics of the process of contradictory movement, which is the manifestation of vitality and is characterized by self-denial and transformation into opposites. Therefore, the law of negation of negation constitutes the essence of dialectical movement, just as Lao Tzu said: "The movement of the opposite is the use of the weak", everything always has a tendency and internal motivation to move and change to the opposite.

Ethical Thought Hegel combined the culmination of previous Western ethical thought, especially inherited and developed Kant's ethical thought, and established a complete system of rationalist ethical thought. Hegel's doctrine of ethics is his philosophy of law, which includes three parts: abstract law, morality, and ethics, and the center is to reveal the dialectical development process of the idea of freedom. From a philosophical point of view, the form of Hegel's ethical thought is idealistic, but its content is realistic and the method is dialectical, and its achievements have an important impact on the formation and development of later ethical thought, including Marxist ethical thought.

Aesthetic Thought Hegel's aesthetic thought is mainly reflected in his book Lectures on Aesthetics, which is an integral part of his entire philosophical system and is also the concrete manifestation of his philosophical system in the field of aesthetics and art. The fundamental characteristic of art is that the idea reveals itself and knows itself through the perceptual image, and "beauty is the perceptual manifestation of the idea" has become the core of Hegel's aesthetic thought. Hegel made both logical and historical analyses of the nature and characteristics of art, the historical types of artistic development, and the systems of various arts.

Logically, he established a vast idealistic philosophical system of art; In terms of history, he pioneered the study of the sociology of art, presenting a grand view of history. Hegel's aesthetic thought has played an epoch-making role in the development of the history of Western aesthetics and has become the master of classical aesthetics.

Philosophical Views Hegel regarded the Absolute Spirit as the origin of the world. The Absolute Spirit is not something beyond the world, and nature, human society, and the spiritual phenomena of man are all manifestations of it at different stages of development. Therefore, the process of replacement, development, and eternal life of things is the Absolute Spirit itself.

The task and purpose of Hegel's philosophy is to show the absolute spirit embodied through nature, society and thinking, and to reveal its development process and its regularity, in fact, to reveal the dialectical relationship between thinking and existence, and to reveal the dialectical identity of the two on the basis of idealism.

The Absolute Idea is also known as the "Absolute Idea".

The last concept in the development of the entire conceptual system of the logical stage of the "Absolute Spirit" as the intrinsic essence of the world. It is the summary of all the logical concepts of the whole stage, an all-encompassing organic "whole". The truest essence of the Absolute Idea is the unity of subject and object.

As an object, that is, "the idea of self-talking", it is broadened, and it is based on thought or content.

As the main subject, that is, the "pure form of the concept" is the recognition of its own content, the idea that contains all the rules. It is characterized by concrete universality, which is the richest and most specific concept. In the Absolute Idea, all opposites and contradictions are united, and thus all development is stopped, and the Absolute Spirit is thus "externalized" into nature.

Profile: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (German: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, often abbreviated as G.).

w. f. hegel；27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who was a little later than Kant, was one of the representatives of German idealistic philosophy in the 19th century. Hegel was born in Stuttgart, the capital of Baden-Württemberg in present-day southwestern Germany; He was the rector of the University of Berlin (today Humboldt-Universität Berlin).