What is the cause of nystagmus? What is nystagmus

The cause of congenital nystagmus is unknown, but genetic studies in recent years have found that mutations in the FRMD7 and PAX6 genes and abnormal retinal development are associated with nystagmus.

From an ophthalmological point of view, there are the following categories:

1. Albinism, 2. Congenital cataract, 3. Optic nerve dysplasia, 4. Macular degeneration, 5. Retinitis pigmentosa, 6. Congenital glaucoma.

7. Corneal leukoplakia and other diseases that seriously affect vision can cause nystagmus.

8. Nystagmus of unknown **.

Nystagmus caused by central lesions of the brain are:

1. Vertical nystagmus, 2. Seesaw-like nystagmus, 3. Periodic changes in nystagmus, caused by space-occupying lesions, inflammation, bleeding and other central lesions, such diseases must be treated in the neurology department of a specialized hospital, so as not to delay the condition and delay **.

For people with nystagmus, it is very important to figure out the condition of nystagmus, so the following will give you a detailed introduction to the question of what nystagmus is.

2.Secondly: physiological fixation nystagmus, which includes strabic nystagmus, visuodynamic nystagmus and recessive nystagmus.

3.Finally: pathological fixation nystagmus, which includes blind nystagmus, amblyopia nystagmus, occupational nystagmus, etc.

Precautions. After understanding what the problem of nystagmus is, people with nystagmus symptoms should also pay attention to rest at ordinary times.

Clinical presentation. 1.Run-out type.

The eyeball moves back and forth at a marked different speed, and when the eye slowly turns in the other direction to a certain extent, it suddenly returns in a rapid movement. This type of tremor has chronic and fast phases, with chronic being physiological and fast being corrective movements. The fast phase direction is the direction of nystagmus, and the fast phase is related to **.

2.Swing type.

The swing of the eyeball is like a pendulum, there is no fast phase and no slow phase. Its velocity and amplitude are equal. It is more common in patients with dark eyes and amblyopia.

Examine. nystagmus (nystagmus; ny) is an involuntary, rhythmic, back-and-forth eye movement. The direction is divided into horizontal, vertical, and rotational type, with the horizontal type being the most common, usually the fast-phase direction indicating the direction of nystagmus, and the fast-phase being the compensatory recovery of fixation movement.

Referred to as nystagmus. It is often caused by diseases of the visual system, extraocular muscles, labyrinth of the inner ear, and the central nervous system. Nystagmus is not a stand-alone disease, but a clinical manifestation of certain diseases, so it should be targeted.

What's going on with nystagmus

1. Ophthalmic nystagmus: nystagmus caused by low vision that makes the fixation reflex difficult.

2. Vestibular nystagmus: nystagmus due to lesions of the inner ear and vestibular ear.

3. Central nystagmus: nystagmus caused by inflammation, tumor, degeneration, trauma, vascular disease causing lesions of nerve pathways in the brain.

4. Congenital idiopathic nystagmus: There are no obvious organic lesions, and the loss of visual acuity is mostly caused by the image tremor, and the tremor can be reduced in a certain field of vision, which is medically called the resting eye position.

Principles of nystagm**

1) Correction of refractive error, if accompanied by amblyopia, it should be at the same time**.

2) Active**Primary disease.

3) Optical correction: Correct the head position by wearing a suitable prism to improve vision.

4) Biofeedback**: Auditory feedback technology is used to make nystagmus movements sound, and the nystagmus is controlled by the patient's self-training.

5) Surgery**: Although surgery does not cause nystagmus, surgery can move the resting eye to the front and reduce or suppress the frequency of nystagmus.

NystagmusIt is a very serious disease of the human body, which directly affects people's living conditions. There are many causes of nystagmus, and patients need to find their real cause of the disease, and then carry out targeted ** in order to get ahead of it**. In daily life, patients should pay special attention to protecting the cleanliness of their eyes and reducing the occurrence of diseases.

Cause (1) Oculogenic nystagmus.

1. Visual impairment, congenital amblyopia, severe refractive error, congenital cataract, color blindness, high myopia, albinism, etc.

2. Extraocular muscle paralysis.

3. Congenital or hereditary nystagmus, the eyeball is in a persistent horizontal swinging movement, regardless of fast or slow phase.

2) Vestibular nystagmus.

It is commonly found in Meniere's syndrome, otitis media, labyrinthitis, acute vestibular dysfunction, pontine cerebellar angle tumors, etc.

3) Central nystagmus.

1. There are many bulbar lesions.

Rotational spontaneous nystagmus. It is seen in syringomyelia, vascular lesions, tumors, etc.

2. Pontine lesions.

Horizontal nystagmus is common. It is seen in tumors, vascular lesions, multiple sclerosis, etc.

3. Midbrain lesions.

Mostly vertical nystagmus. It is seen in vascular disease, encephalitis, trauma, etc. If the lesion is near the oculomotor nucleus at the level of the superior thalamus of the midbrain, sunken nystagmus may be seen, and radial beating and sunken eyes may occur when the eye is fixed upward.

4. Cerebellar lesions.

Usually horizontal nystagmus. It is seen in cerebellar tumors, cerebellar vascular lesions, degenerative lesions, etc.

5. Lesions above the brainstem.

Spontaneous nystagmus and positional nystagmus may be seen in prefrontal lobe lesions.

6. Medial longitudinal tract lesions.

Dissociative nystagmus may occur.

iv) Toxic nystagmus.

It can be caused by drugs or poisons such as opioids, barbiturates, alcohol, lead poisoning, etc. The nature of nystagmus is similar to that of cerebellar nystagmus.

5) Other reasons.

1. Latent nystagmus: the cause is unknown.

2. Occupational: seen in coal miners, train scheduling, etc.

3. Cervical spinal cord lesions: Upper cervical spinal cord lesions are common, which may be related to damage to the medial longitudinal tract or vestibulospinal tract.

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic, pendulum-like or throbbing oscillation of the eyeball.

In general, the main causes of nystagmus are: early oculomotor dysplasia (congenital cataract), inheritance between family members, Down syndrome, brain damage or lesions (inflammation, tumors, degeneration, trauma, vascular diseases), eye diseases or eye dysfunction (optic nerve degeneration, severe astigmatism, high myopia), physical diseases (multisite sclerosis, stroke, severe ear inflammation), poisoning (all sedatives, antispasmodics, bromide, etc.), alcoholism, albinism, etc.

Sometimes nystagmus is not defined** and may also be affected by mental or physical strength, such as stress, fatigue or nervousness.

Nystagmus is a kind of involuntary, rhythmic, reciprocating nystagmus or beating, which is usually divided into horizontal nystagmus, vertical nystagmus, rotational nystagmus and mixed nystagmus according to the direction of nystagmus in appearance, and is divided into physiological and pathological nystagmus in nature.

Nystagmus can be physiological or caused by a disease, and lesions in different parts of the brain produce different manifestations of nystagmus! Pathological nystagmus can be divided into ocular nystagmus and vestibular nystagmus! Oculogenic nystagmus refers to tremor caused by diseases of the visual system or extraocular muscle paralysis, manifested as horizontal oscillating nystagmus, which is more common in visual impairment, congenital amblyopia, severe refractive error, congenital cataract, color blindness, high myopia and albinism, etc.!

Vestibular tremor is nystagmus caused by dysfunction of vestibular terminals, vestibular nerves or brainstem vestibular nerve nuclei and their conduction pathways, cerebellum, etc., and is divided into two categories: central and periphistical!

1. Congenital factors.

Congenital anomalies or genetic factors can cause congenital or hereditary nystagmus, in which the eye moves horizontally for a long time, regardless of whether it is fast or slow.

2. Ocular lesions.

For example, congenital amblyopia, severe refractive error, congenital cataract, color blindness, high myopia, visual impairment caused by albinism, extraocular muscle paralysis and other ocular lesions can lead to the appearance of ocular nystagmus.

3. Ear lesions.

Ear lesions such as Meniere's syndrome, otitis media, labyrinthitis and acute vestibular impairment can lead to vestibular nystagmus.

4. Nervous system lesions.

Such as syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, cerebrovascular lesions, brain tumors, brain trauma, etc., can cause central nystagmus. Among them, bulbar lesions mostly present with rotational spontaneous nystagmus, and pontine lesions mostly present with horizontal nystagmus

We know that nystagmus mainly refers to the uncontrolled voluntary movement of the eyeball, and now the incidence of nystagmus is very high, it is a common and frequent disease in ophthalmology clinics, nystagmus is divided into congenital nystagmus and acquired nystagmus, congenital nystagmus often has a lot to do with heredity.

If it is congenital nystagmus, you must go to the hospital for dilated refraction, with a suitable pair of glasses, or wear a suitable pair of prisms, and at the same time can be surgically corrected, but the purpose of the operation is not **nystagmus, this is only to alleviate or eliminate the compensatory head position, and acquired nystagmus must be ** primary disease.

Therefore, once nystagmus occurs in daily life, do not worry and be anxious excessively, be sure to see a doctor as soon as possible, carry out ** as soon as possible, and be sure to develop a good eye habit and eye hygiene.

Nystagmus can be divided into congenital nystagmus and acquired nystagmus, the causes of congenital nystagmus include albinism, cataract and ocular malformations, etc., acquired nystagmus may be caused by central nervous system lesions, such as cerebellar lesions, vestibular neuronucleus lesions, etc.

Nystagmus** is often caused by disorders of the visual system, extraocular muscles, labyrinth of the inner ear, and the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of nystagmus, there are two types of nystagmus. In the beating type, the eyeball moves in a reciprocating motion with a marked difference in speed, when the eye slowly turns in the other direction.

Swing type, the swing of the eye is like a pendulum, there is no fast phase and slow phase, the speed and amplitude are equal, and it is more common in patients with dark eyes and amblyopia.

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic, pendulum-like or beating-like oscillation of the eyeball. The main causes of nystagmus are early eye motor dysplasia, such as congenital cataracts, which cause nystagmus, as well as family genetic history, Down syndrome, brain damage, or pathologies, such as inflammation, tumors, degeneration, trauma, vascular diseases of the brain, and the wheel may cause nystagmus.

In addition, nystagmus can be caused by eye disease or eye dysfunction, degenerative changes of the optic nerve, severe astigmatism, high myopia, physical diseases, multi-site sclerosis, stroke, and severe ear inflammation. Some poisoning can also cause nystagmus, such as sedative poisoning, antipsychotic poisoning, bromide poisoning, etc., alcoholism, albinism is also one of the causes of nystagmus. Sometimes nystagmus is not defined** and may also be affected by mental strength and physical strength, such as stress, fatigue or nervousness.