What is atrial fibrillation and what are the symptoms of developing it?

Atrial fibrillation, which is our normal heart, atria and ventricles, beats about 30 to 3.5 billion times, about 80,000 to 100,000 times a day. But our heart doesn't need to rest, and it can't rest, so the atria and ventricles are the atria beating and the ventricles beating, and they are beating alternately, and they rest alternately. To implement this mechanism, it must have its own electrical system, which we call the conduction system, which means that our heart has the sinus node from top to bottom, which passes through the atrioventricular node and then to the ventricles.

This set of conduction system, it is very regular, as if every level of leadership, such as the national leadership of the province, each province, the provincial leadership of the city, the city leader, the prefecture-level city, and even the county, the transmission level by level, there will be no chaos. But if there is a short circuit in our heart, for various reasons, due to myocardial ischemia, due to high blood pressure, our heart muscle has this scarring, and there will also be ectopic excitement.

If there is a short circuit, it has the urge to detect and generate some electricity, and it also directs the heartbeat. Then our heart says, there will be a lot of this ectopic pacemaker. The current view is that our four pulmonary veins, at the entrance to the left atrium, are a major cause of our atrial fibrillation.

Of course, there are many such short circuits in the left atrium, which means that the pacemaker is a very important cause of this chaotic contraction of the atrium. Because of this pacemaker, it is not transmitted to the heart on a one-to-one basis, the number of heartbeats, the number of atrial beats, it can be much higher than the number of ventricular beats, causing this fibrillation of the heart.

Atrial fibrillation is atrial fibrillation, which means that the movement of the atrium does not work, it is just trembling, but no blood is ejecting out. It is characterized by three inconsistencies: an absolutely uneven heart rate, a different strength of heart sounds, and a pulse rate less than the heart rate.

Atrial fibrillation can easily cause blood clots, which can lead to stroke.

When rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease and other reasons make the signal of myocardial excitation and contraction abnormally conducted in the atrium, and the repeated reentry makes the muscles of each part of the atrium beat fast and disorderly, and loses coordination and correlation with the ventricular beat, it is called atrial fibrillation, referred to as atrial fibrillation.

atrial fibrillation; It is a very common arrhythmia, with atrial fibrillation occurring in 1% of people over the age of 60. Atrial fibrillation can be seen in normal people and can be emotionally agitated. After surgery.

Occurs during exercise or acute alcohol intoxication. Acute hypoxia occurs in patients with heart and lung disease. Hypercarbonemia.

Metabolic or hemodynamic disorders may occur, in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease. Coronary heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease.

Hyperthyroidism. Cardiomyopathy. Infective endocarditis. Wait.

Palpitations, dizziness, chest tightness, and fatigue are common symptoms of patients with atrial fibrillation, and some patients can also have blackness, syncope, polyuria, etc., and angina pectoris can be induced when the ventricular rate is fast in patients with structural heart disease.

or heart failure, and some patients with atrial fibrillation have no symptoms. Symptoms of atrial fibrillation vary significantly depending on the frequency and duration of episodes.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

The frequency is not rapid and may be asymptomatic;

Rapid heart rate, patients feel palpitations, palpitations, shortness of breath, heart beat, irritability, fatigue, etc., auscultation of irregular heartbeat, heart sound strength, speed and slowness, in addition to short pulse, polyuria, etc.;

The heart rate is too fast, causing low blood pressure and even fainting.

Persistent atrial fibrillation.

The main clinical manifestations of persistent atrial fibrillation are palpitations, shortness of breath, and increased ventricular rate after exertion. In addition, there is a high incidence of systemic embolism, particularly rheumatic heart disease.

The incidence of cerebrovascular embolism is higher in the presence of atrial fibrillation.

What are the possible accompanying symptoms of atrial fibrillation?

In atrial fibrillation, the atrium loses its systolic function, and the blood is easy to stagnate in the atrium and form a thrombus, which can follow the blood to all parts of the body after the thrombus falls off, resulting in multi-organ embolism, and the clinical manifestations are:

Headache, vomiting, and impaired consciousness due to cerebral artery embolism.

Coma, hemiplegia.

Choking and other symptoms.

Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure due to coronary embolism.

and other symptoms. Symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, ulcers, or intestinal paralysis due to mesenteric artery embolism.

Symptoms such as paleness, cold sweats, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and cough caused by pulmonary embolism.

Low back pain, hematuria, oliguria, and azotemia due to renal artery embolism.

Limb artery embolization.

Cause pain.

Symptoms such as pallor, absent distant arterial pulses, chills, numbness, and dyskinesia.

Atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia, which is atrial arrhythmia, which is very common in arrhythmias. The symptoms mainly include the following aspects, first, the patient's atrial fibrillation leads to an increased heart rate, and arrhythmia causes panic, chest tightness, sweating, frequent toilet visits and other symptoms. Second, atrial fibrillation is associated with atrial fibrillation with long intervals.

During atrial fibrillation, the heartbeat is extremely irregular, fast, and slow. When slow enough to a certain extent, such as more than 5 seconds, it will cause insufficient blood supply to the brain, blackening in front of the eyes, called amaurosis or dizziness, and even sudden syncope.

Answer]: eAtrial fibrillation is divided into two categories: acute and chronic, acute atrial fibrillation refers to the history of atrial fibrillation within 3 months; Chronic atrial fibrillation with late rock refers to a history of atrial fibrillation that is more than 3 months old. This view is different from the textbook of Internal Medicine in the 7th edition of Human Health and Health.

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia. The development of atrial fibrillation can lead to loss of blood drainage in the atrium, and atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate can induce heart failure; As the atria lose its normal systolic function, blood flow in the atria is slow and stagnant, which can lead to thromboembolism in the peripheral arteries, and thromboembolism can occur due to the detachment of the thrombus.

1 Clinical manifestations.

The clinical symptoms are related to the speed of the ventricular rate, in addition to the decrease in activity and energy in slow atrial fibrillation, there may be no other symptoms, and palpitations, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and limited activity can be felt in fast atrial fibrillation. When the ventricular rate is 150 beats, it can induce angina pectoris and heart failure. Patients with atrial fibrillation are at higher risk of systemic embolism, especially those with mitral stenosis or mitral valve prolapse with atrial fibrillation.

Features of atrial fibrillation on palpation: unequal first heart sound, absolute arrhythmia of ventricular rhythm, and shortness of pulse.

2 ECG findings.

The P wave disappears and is replaced by a continuous, extremely irregular fibrillation wave that is inconsistent in shape and amplitude and time interval, called the F wave, with a frequency of 350 600 beats, a roughly normal QRS complex, an absolutely irregular ventricular rhythm, and a ventricular rate of 100 and 160 beats in patients who do not receive ** or have normal AV conduction.

Answer]: C atrial fibrillation ECG Diagram Sharp point: P waves disappear and are replaced by a series of atrial fibrillation waves (F waves) of different sizes, uneven spacing, and different shapes, with a frequency of 350 600 minutes; The r-r spacing is absolutely uneven, i.e., the ventricular rhythm is completely irregular; The morphology of the QRS complex is generally the same as that of normal sinus.

p-p is unequal, and p-r- causes indefinite premature contractions, which are sinus arrhythmias.

1.****。

The **** of atrial fibrillation is very important, and it is easy for the positive primary heart disease to revert atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm, and to maintain it for a long time after recovery, even if it cannot be ****, it is also important to relieve hemodynamic abnormalities. In patients with atrial fibrillation caused by ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, etc., when myocardial ischemia improves, heart failure is corrected, and blood pressure is well controlled, the chance of atrial fibrillation to recover increases, and sinus rhythm can be maintained for a long time. In patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease, many patients are able to maintain sinus rhythm for a long time after cardioversion** after surgical removal**.

2.Drugs**.

These include pharmacological cardioversion, control of ventricular rate, and anticoagulation**.

3.Radiofrequency ablation**.

Radiofrequency ablation is mainly used in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who are ineffective in antiarrhythmic drugs or have obvious symptoms, and patients with persistent atrial fibrillation whose ventricular rate is not easily controlled. The first atrioventricular node ablation was used to cause permanent complete AV block, followed by pacing** to improve the patient's symptoms and hemodynamic effects. In recent years, radiofrequency ablation** has made some progress, and the efficacy has gradually improved, which has become an important means of atrial fibrillation**.

4.Surgery**.

It mainly includes "corridor surgery" and "maze surgery" of His's bundle dissection, and "maze surgery" is commonly used in clinical practice. The main mechanism is to guide the simultaneous activation of the atria between a series of incisions to eliminate atrial fibrillation, that is, to interrupt the common reentry loop through a series of incisions, and establish a special conduction pathway to synchronize the atrial electrical activity. This operation not only preserves the "corridor" from the sinus node to the atrioventricular node, but also allows the impulses from the sinus node to be transmitted to each atrial muscle tissue, so that the atrial muscle can contract consistently.

5.Anticoagulation**, embolism prophylaxis.

Atrial fibrillation combined with thromboembolism, the annual incidence of elderly patients is 5%, atrial fibrillation loses effective contraction, blood stasis in the atria is conducive to the formation of thrombosis. After the blood clot breaks off, it can travel with the bloodstream, causing embolism in different parts of the body. Therefore, aggressive anticoagulation** is important.