Did the Yuan Dynasty sacrifice Haotian, and was the Yuan Dynasty society very dark?

People who do not worship Haotian believe in the early stage of immortality, and believe in Tibetan Buddhism in the middle and late stages. To be honest, people don't believe much in the gods of China. The foreign dynasties that ruled the Central Plains in the past dynasties belonged to the Yuan Dynasty and were the farthest away from traditional Chinese culture.

Sacrifice. The name of the Yuan Dynasty is taken from the Great Zai Qianyuan in the Book of Changes, referred to as the Great Yuan. Moreover, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty believed that he inherited the Han and Tang dynasties to complete the unification of China, and belonged to a member of the traditional Chinese feudal imperial system.

Ceremonial clothing imitates the previous dynasty, although the emperor wears traditional Mongolian clothing every day, when worshipping heaven and earth, he wears dragon robes and crowns.

I'm not clear on that. However, I think the Yuan Dynasty will definitely be sacrificed, but believe it or not. Because it is necessary to consolidate the political power, the people believe that the monarch is bestowed, so they have to sacrifice. And the Mongolian steppe also has beliefs, such as the great god Tengger.

Haotian? How is it called that? Doesn't the Chinese nation call the sky the sky? Or oh my God? The Yuan Dynasty was supposed to worship the Immortal Heaven.

The Yuan Dynasty worshipped Changshengtian and Haotian together.

Haotian refers to the God of Haotian, which was recorded as the earliest in Xia Shang, and was mentioned many times in the Book of Changes. In the later period, Confucianism advocated the belief in God in Haotian. Haotian God is the highest god in Chinese civilization, the past dynasties were sacrificed by the state, Haotian God strictly refers to the way of heaven, so he does not stand an image, only stands a tablet.

Now the Temple of Heaven in Beijing is dedicated to the supreme god Haotian God.

After Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynasty, because of respect, he worshiped Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang was a legendary monarch who ascended to the throne as a commoner, and he was afraid that someone would imitate the rebellion and claim the emperor, so he praised the Yuan Dynasty and called himself the emperor who obeyed the will of heaven.

This may be the origin of the contradiction in the heart of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, who overthrew the Yuan Dynasty in 1368, and later mentioned the "Hu Yuan system", with the sentiment of Han nationalism, but he also enshrined the tablet of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty, in the temple of the emperors of the dynasties, and the lord of the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, and worshiped together.

In Zhu Yuanzhang's eyes, Kublai Khan is indeed a very powerful person, compared to Genghis Khan and others, Kublai Khan does have his own strategy and ability, so it is to sacrifice Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty

Because Kublai Khan made many contributions to the people. Therefore, the tablet of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty, was enshrined in the temple of the emperors of the dynasties, and was placed side by side with the master of the Han, Tang and Song dynasties.

He may have wanted to show the people that he couldn't bear to let the people live in misery, so he did the right thing for heaven and destroyed those unscrupulous descendants.

Because he was afraid that the public would think that he would disapprove of him if he became an emperor by such means, he used this method to convince everyone of him.

The friendship of the eight worships was a matter of the Song Dynasty.

What is a sacrifice? Offering food to the spirits of gods or ancestors. The earliest sacrifices were made under the leadership of the chief priest, with sacrifices, singing and dancing.

It is said that kneeling is not the same as servile etiquette, and the most respected etiquette in Buddhism - the five-body bow, that is, kneeling. Therefore, it is a common etiquette to bow down to gods and ancestors.

The reason why you say this is not because of the prostration, but because the prostration, which does not come from the heart but comes from the oppression of external forces or rules, and such prostrations are humiliating.

In ancient China, it was always a practice of kneeling and prostrating. There is a lack of records before the Zhou Dynasty, and there were nine prostrations in the Zhou Dynasty and later. The most formal is the chief salute, which is to touch the ground with your head, stop for a while, and get up again.

When I saw the Son of Heaven, the heaviest thing was to kneel three times and knock nine times. Most of the Yuan people's kneeling rituals were learned from the Central Plains Dynasty.

The society of the Yuan Dynasty was not dark, and the people of the Yuan Dynasty paid great attention to learning the culture of the Central Plains.

In fact, the reason for the fall of the Yuan Dynasty was that during the Zhizheng period, several provinces in the Central Plains had drought for many years, and the crops were not harvested, and at this time, it was necessary to levy taxes to feed the emperor's relatives and the huge bureaucratic system, which would definitely intensify the contradictions. But there is really no way, you want to be in the era of relying on the sky to eat, God will not bless you, what can you do? You live in the present society, the level of productive forces has been greatly improved, the material is extremely abundant, there is no shortage of food, and there is no shortage of clothing, and you will definitely not imagine how difficult it was for the people at that time.

The Yuan Dynasty was not a dark period in Chinese history.

No, because the Mongols were nomadic during the Yuan Dynasty. They believe in immortality.

1. The Yuan Dynasty implemented a policy of ethnic discrimination and national oppression against the Han people.

2. Classification: The people who lived in China at that time were divided into four classes: the first class was the Mongols, including the people from the original Mongolian tribes

The second group was the Semu people, including the Western Xia, Huihui, Western Regions, and some Europeans who stayed in China; The third class is the Han Chinese, including the Khitans, Jurchens, and Han people under the original Jin rule; The fourth class is the Nanren, who guide the Han people under the rule of the Song Dynasty and the people of various ethnic groups in the southwest. The Yuan rulers ranked the Semu as second class in order to raise the status of the Hui elites and make them assistants to the Mongol aristocracy. The division of the Han Chinese into Han Chinese and Nan was intended to divide the Han Chinese and weaken their resistance.

3. Ruling Institutions: The Yuan Dynasty adopted various methods to fix the hierarchy of these peoples.

1) In the ruling body: the prefects and the officials in power were all Mongols or Semu people, followed by Han people, and the Nan people were almost few people in ** for a long period after the death of the Song Dynasty. The local officials Daru Huachi were generally also held by Mongols, and it was stipulated that the Semu people should be the same knowledge, and the Han people should be the general administrators, and the same knowledge and the general managers should check each other and obey the command of the Daru Huachi.

2) In terms of army organization: there is a difference between the Mongol army, the Tanma Red army, the Han army and the new annexed army. When the troops were dispatched, the various armies were sporadically deployed, and with the Mongol army as the main force, the military power was in the hands of the Mongol commanders.

3) In terms of criminal law, it is stipulated that the Mongols, Semu and Han Chinese are tried by different organs, and the Mongols beat the Han Chinese, and the Han people are not allowed to fight back, and the Mongols kill the Han and only exile them to the north to confiscate the army. It is also stipulated that the Han and Nanren are not allowed to gather to defeat the hunt and welcome the gods, they are not allowed to hold bows and arrows, and they are not even allowed to raise dogs and magpie birds.

4) In terms of conquest: for example, the Mongols do not take the horses, the Semu people take one-third, and the Han and Nan people take all of them.

In addition, many of the edicts recorded in the Yuan Dian Zhang were made against the Han and Nan people, and it was pointed out that the Mongols were not bound by these decrees. However, this policy of ethnic discrimination did not apply to some large Han Chinese landowners who defected to the Mongol rulers.

The decree of the Yuan Dynasty forbade the Han people to hold bows and arrows, but Yuan Shizu said to Wang Weihe of the Han Palace: "Your family is not compared with other Han people, and the bow and arrow are not forbidden by you, and you are allowed to hold them." Some Han landlords who had defected to the Mongol rulers very early, such as the Daxing Shi clan, the Yizhou Zhang clan, and the Zhending Dong clan, had the same status and treatment as the Mongol nobles in the Yuan Dynasty.

Conversely, many of the lower classes of the Mongols do not enjoy the privileges of the so-called ruling nation. The Mongolian herders in the steppes became increasingly impoverished and even bankrupt and went into exile under heavy military service and rent-to-rent exploitation.

4. Evaluation: This serious policy of national oppression and ethnic discrimination led to the intensification of ethnic and class contradictions in the late Yuan Dynasty, and eventually, caused the Han people to mutiny and die in the country.

The Yuan Dynasty divided people into four classes: the first class was the Mongols, also known as the "national people". second-class color people, also known as "people of all countries"; third-class Han Chinese, that is, Han Chinese who were originally ruled by Liaojin; Fourth-class southerners, that is, Han people ruled by the Southern Song Dynasty.

The control of the Han people by the Yuan ** was extremely tight. The Jiali system is based on 20 families, with the Mongols as the masters, and the Han people obey their orders. In addition, there are also many anti-prohibitions and restrictions on the movement of Han people, such as prohibiting field hunting, martial arts, weapons, gathering crowds, and wild travel.

He repeatedly looted the folk horses, and at the beginning of the Song Dynasty, he once put the people in the south of the Yangtze River.

Ancient China has always paid attention to a proper name. The Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan Dynasty and revised the Yuan history within three years, which was quite fast. Since the Ming Dynasty gave the Yuan Dynasty a history, it shows that the rulers of the Ming Dynasty recognized the legitimacy of the Yuan Dynasty.

After the destruction of the Yuan, the Ming wrote a history for the Yuan, why did this happen in China?

After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he ordered the sacrifice of 16 Chinese emperors: the Three Emperors and the Five Emperors and King Xia Yu, King Shang Tang, King Wu of Zhou, Gaozu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han, Taizong of Tang, Taizu of Song, Yuan Shizu, etc., indicating that he recognized Kublai Khan's talents, Zhu Yuanzhang's definition of China and Yidi is too wonderful, "Yidi enters China, and China enters Yidi, then Yidi is Yidi" (the original is Confucius). What do you mean?

Yidi recognizes that learning to abide by Chinese etiquette and culture is Chinese, and Chinese people who do not recognize Chinese culture and etiquette are not Chinese! The Mongols started from the desert, entered the Central Plains, set the capital Beijing, and ruled China, but recognized the Chinese culture and etiquette, that is, the Chinese! This is the reason why later generations of China recognized the Yuan as a Chinese dynasty and did not consider the Mongols to invade China and colonize China.

Genghis Khan. In fact, following the orthodoxy of the Yuan Dynasty believed that Kublai Khan played a great role in stabilizing the Central Plains and played a direct role in promoting the development of society. At the time of the examination, the Mongols and the Semu were divided into separate subjects, and there were different examinations, and the admitted personnel were not appointed to important positions, but were only given unimportant official positions in the lower organizations. Many Chinese scholars are depressed because of this, so they have to develop their talents in other aspects, and writing engraving is one of them, since then Yuanqu not only contains elegant sentences, but also with daily sayings, and adds technical terms on the stage, so that Chinese literature opens up a different way, which also makes the Chinese stage enter a period of ** era.

The history of China in the Yuan Dynasty attached great importance to Taoism, political unity, and academic unity, and Taoism was of course respected by Confucianism after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone". The school system is more complicated, it may be classics in the Han and Han dynasties, metaphysics in the Wei and Jin dynasties, poetry and Buddhism in the Sui and Tang dynasties, science in the Song and Yuan dynasties, heart studies in the Ming Dynasty, and Qianjia school in the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang and Kublai Khan also have one thing in common, as the founding emperor, they both passed the throne to their grandson, and Kublai Khan passed the throne to Zhenjin's third son Timur because of the early death of his son Zhenjin.

And Zhu Yuanzhang passed the throne to Zhu Biao's son Zhu Yun because of the early death of the crown prince Zhu Biao? Umbrella dishes? Umbrella?

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In fact, the most fundamental reason is that he has received some of the remnants of Meng Yuan, in order to envelop them. So it's a reassurance job. Otherwise, one day there will be an anti-Ming restoration, including Zhu Di's usurpation, the first thing is to worship his ancestors, otherwise his throne will not be stable.

That's the power of propriety, you can also say bureaucracy. You can be insincere, but you can't be insincere.