Was Einstein considered a civil science when he published his special theory of relativity?

I don't reject civil science. However, I think the subject's "civil science" refers to the kind of person who has no professional training, but always likes to put forward his own unfounded opinions on high-level issues in science.

Compared with this definition, Einstein only satisfied one of them, and his concerns were relatively lofty. As for his position at that time, this really can't support the reason why he is a "civil science". Albert Einstein had already trained professionally before publishing – studying physics at ETH Zurich.

As for the "advanced mathematical calculus", it cannot be used as a criterion for judging whether it is a civil science. According to this standard, Maxwell is also a civil science, and Newton is also a civil science ......Physics is complex and concise. To judge whether a theory is correct or not, it is not to see how advanced the mathematics is, but whether the physical ideas contained in it are close to the essence of the laws of the operation of things.

Einstein studied basic mathematics at ETH Zurich under the tutelage of the famous mathematician Minkowski. Later, when developing the general theory of relativity, I consulted with another famous mathematician, Hilbert, and did not study completely on his own, but after laying a good foundation in college, he studied with the famous mathematician.

His Ph.D. was titled "A New Method for Determining the Size of Molecules", so he obtained a Ph.D., which had nothing to do with special relativity, and published the famous special theory of relativity's seminal ** "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies".

The University of Zurich, the university where the Ph.D. was obtained, is the largest comprehensive university in Switzerland, and has produced 12 Nobel laureates in its history.

ETH Zurich, where the bachelor's degree is located, is also a well-known university in Switzerland, from which 30 Nobel laureates were born.

Also, criticizing the civil sciences does not mean criticizing their interest in trying to do scientific exploration, but hoping that they can take the correct and non-extreme way to carry out scientific exploration, such as Zheng Xiaoting, this kind of ordinary people can learn and research little by little from the basics, and they can also make certain achievements, but now most of the civil sciences on the Internet can really calm down and learn the basic knowledge before thinking about the problem? Science is dancing with shackles, not at will.

In fact, this kind of thing is not only at home, but also abroad, and this phenomenon is ...... all over the world

Of course, the completion of undergraduate content does not mean that you have the spirit of basic scientific research, and there are still many so-called professors and associate professors who try to overturn the problem of another field with a large professional span.

Einstein's special theory of relativity was not recognized at the time, and with the advancement of science and technology, there are more and more loopholes, and it can be said that it is not perfect. The questioning of the assumption that the speed of light does not change and the fact that inertial frames do not exist in reality call for new theories, and the 1+1 principle of relativity with variable field velocities came into being.

I think it's better to ask this kind of question and find some articles about Einstein!

The comparison between Einstein and civil science is ridiculous......Is this title sick?

In the 100 years since the general theory of relativity was proposed, general relativity, as the only basic theory describing gravity, has always been incompatible with another basic theory of mechanics, quantum mechanics. So for 100 years, no one has ever considered it to be the ultimate theory, which is completely different from the situation of Newton's theory back then.

Gravitational physics for more than two hundred years Newton.

Not only is there many difficulties in the integration with quantum mechanics, but general relativity also has problems with its own gravitational problem, from the abnormal rotation speed of the spiral arm of galaxies to the accelerated expansion of the universe, which makes general relativity seem quite embarrassing as the only basic theory of gravity. It seems to be problematic not only at the microscopic scale, but also at the cosmological scale. It's embarrassing, something that Einstein probably never dreamed of.

Albert Einstein, the creator of the general theory of relativity.

As a result, not only have there been decades of attempts to unify theories (agreeing with general relativity and quantum mechanics), but in recent years there has been a growing call for revisions to the general theory of relativity. Although there are quite a lot of revised theories of general relativity, because the predictions that these theories can make that are very different from the conclusions of general relativity cannot be verified at present, and scientists still have not ruled out the existence of dark matter and dark energy in observations and experiments, these substitution theories cannot replace the position of general relativity at present.

Theory of gravity in space-time bending.

Therefore, the general theory of relativity is not in a position that cannot be questioned or overthrown, and the reason why it is still regarded as the only theory of gravity is because we have not found a better one, but the pace of exploration has never stopped. Theoretical physics is not as complacent as many people think, and the brains of geniuses around the world are doing everything they can to find new breakthroughs in theory. It's just that with the ultra-high precision of today's theories and observations, it is far more difficult to find the correct new theory than most people think.

Gravitational waves and gamma-ray bursts from the collision of binary neutron stars.

While physics enthusiasts and "citizen scientists" have always been interested in finding the ultimate theory, this is not something that ordinary people can accomplish with the current theoretical precision. Suffice it to say that cutting-edge physicists are more interested in finding the ultimate (unified) theory than "citizen scientists", and they are no less trying than "citizen scientists"! Theoretical physics has never stood still, but it is limited by the current experimental and observational capabilities to verify the correctness of new theories.

High-energy collision experiments at the Hadron Collider.

For rigorous science, before there is a better and more precise theory, use the existing theory. Therefore, general relativity is still the only theory of gravity in cosmological research.