How to distinguish between the three major means of macroeconomic regulation and control

Macroeconomic regulation and control are distinguished by three means:

1. Conceptual distinction:

Economic instruments are measures taken by the state to influence and regulate social and economic activities through the adjustment of economic interests through the use of economic policies and plans. Economic instruments include economic planning and economic policy. An economic plan is a national economic and social development plan formulated by the state, mainly referring to the ten-year plan, five-year plan, and annual plan for national economic and social development.

Legal means are the means by which the state regulates economic activities through the formulation and application of economic laws and regulations. This includes economic legislation, economic law enforcement, and legal oversight.

Administrative means are the means by which the state regulates and manages the economy through administrative organs and administrative measures such as administrative orders, directives, indicators, and regulations.

Second, the performance characteristics are different:

Economic means are a kind of strategic, instructive, and indirect adjustment, but at the same time, they also have the characteristics of lagging. Economic means are mainly the comprehensive use of various economic levers to influence and regulate various economic activities by adjusting the economic interests of market entities. Including economic levers such as **, tax, credit, interest rate, exchange rate, etc., different levers have their own specific functions and can be flexibly combined.

Legal means are generally binding and strictly compulsory on economic subjects, and the regulation of economic operations is relatively stable and clearly prescriptive. Compared with economic and legal means, administrative means are mandatory, direct and fast.

Since administrative means are the realization of the intention of regulation through the power of the state power, once the directives, orders, and regulations of the state to regulate the economy are issued, all economic activities must be carried out and cannot be freely chosen. This means of regulation directly acts on the object of regulation, and it can achieve the predetermined target effect relatively quickly.

3. The subject of enforcement is different. The subjects of the implementation of economic means are the legislature and the executive; The organs of the State that enforce legal means are the legislature, the judiciary and the administrative organs, and the executive organs are the only organs that enforce administrative means.

Fourth, the status is different. Macroeconomic regulation and control is mainly based on economic and legal means, supplemented by administrative means.

Means of macroeconomic regulation and control: The state comprehensively uses economic, legal and necessary administrative means to achieve the goal of macroeconomic regulation and control.

a Economic instruments. It is a measure taken by the state to influence and regulate economic activities through the adjustment of economic interests through the use of economic policies and plans. Fiscal policy and monetary policy are the most commonly used economic means in the country's macroeconomic regulation and control.

In addition, macroeconomic regulation and control can also be achieved through the formulation and implementation of economic plans and plans.

b Legal means. It is a means by which the state regulates economic activities through the formulation and application of economic and economic regulations. On the one hand, the state regulates the behavior of participants in economic activities through economic legislation.

On the other hand, the state cracks down on all kinds of economic violations and crimes through economic judicial activities.

c Administrative means. It is a means by which the state regulates and manages the economy through administrative organs by taking mandatory orders, directives, regulations, and other measures.

In short, the state's macroeconomic regulation and control should be based on economic and legal means, supplemented by necessary administrative means, to form a macroeconomic regulation and control system conducive to scientific development, and to give full play to the overall function of macroeconomic regulation and control means.

First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between the three concepts of economy, law, and administration. Second, we should distinguish between economic, legal, and administrative means. Economic instruments are measures taken by the State to influence and regulate socio-economic activities through economic interests and adjustments through the application of economic policies and plans.

Legal means are the means by which the state regulates economic activity through the formulation and application of economic regulations. Administrative means are the means by which the state regulates and manages the economy through administrative organs and administrative measures such as administrative orders, instructions, indicators, and regulations.

Answer Teacher: Yunhe Aoki.

1.Economic means – the most important means, including:

1) Economic planning.

For example, China's five-year development plan and ten-year plan for national economic development.

2) Economic policy: fiscal policy, monetary policy, income distribution policy, industrial policy.

Generally speaking, it is indirect regulation, which regulates market supply and demand through the adjustment of economic interests and promotes the optimal allocation of resources. (Economic means to touch the interests of market participants and regulate and guide the economic activities of market participants).

2.Legal means.

The State formulates and applies laws and regulations, including economic legislation, economic justice, and legal supervision.

1) Economic legislation, enactment of laws:

For example, the state enacted the Individual Income Tax Law.

2) Economic Justice: Applying the Law:

For example, cracking down on false advertising and infringement of intellectual property rights.

3) Legal supervision:

For example, according to the Food Safety Responsibility Law, the food industry is subject to safety inspections.

3.Administrative means.

It refers to the means by which the state regulates and manages the economy through administrative organs by adopting administrative measures, such as administrative orders, instructions, indicators, regulations, prohibitions, rectifications, sealing, seizures, inspections, supervision, examination and approval, and administrative licensing.

It is generally directly regulated and mandatory.

For example, real estate regulation policies, sales and purchase restrictions; ordered the closure of small coal kilns with heavy pollution, etc.; The National Tourism Administration stipulates that during the 11th week, all tourist attractions are not allowed to increase prices without authorization.

In the examination of public institutions, the means of macroeconomic regulation and control are mainly comprehensible examinations, combined with the means embodied in case examinations, and the main examinations are differentiated. Therefore, candidates should focus on understanding the mastery of this knowledge, and choose the answers that meet the requirements according to the materials.

Macroeconomic control means are divided into economic means, administrative means and legal means, and economic means include fiscal policy and currency rebate policy. Foreign macroeconomic regulation and control objectives often include promoting economic growth, maintaining price stability, full employment, and maintaining a basic balance of payments.

1. Economic means.

This refers to the macroeconomic regulation and control of the national economy on the basis of consciously relying on and applying the law of value, with the help of the regulating role of economic leverage. Economic leverage is a form of value and a value tool for macroeconomic regulation and control of social and economic activities, mainly including taxation, credit, wages, etc., through propaganda, to achieve the purpose of regulation and control.

2. Legal means.

This refers to a means of relying on the power of the legal system, through economic legislation and justice, and using economic laws and regulations to regulate economic relations and economic activities, so as to achieve the goal of macroeconomic regulation and control. Through legal means, public property and personal property can be effectively protected, and the legitimate rights and interests of various ownership economies, economic organizations and individual members of society can be safeguarded; We should readjust the horizontal and vertical relations between various economic organizations and ensure the normal order of economic operations.

The content of legal means includes two aspects: economic justice and economic legislation. Economic legislation is mainly formulated by the legislature to protect the rights and interests of market entities; Economic justice is mainly the activities of the judicial organ to prosecute and try economic cases in accordance with the systems and procedures prescribed by law, to maintain market order, and to punish and sanction economic crimes.

3. Administrative means.

This is a means of relying on administrative organs to adopt compulsory orders, instructions, regulations, and other administrative methods to regulate economic activities in order to achieve the goal of macroeconomic regulation and control. Administrative means are authoritative, vertical, gratuitous, and effective. Socialist macroeconomic regulation and control cannot yet give up the necessary administrative means.

Because the regulatory functions of planning means and economic means have certain limitations, such as the relative stability of planning means and the inability to flexibly regulate economic activities; Economic instruments are short-term, lagging and uncertain in their regulatory consequences.

When the regulation of planning and economic means is ineffective, the necessary administrative means can only be adopted. In particular, when the relationship between major proportions of the national economy is out of balance or when a certain area of the social economy is out of control, the use of administrative means to regulate will be able to reverse the loss of control more quickly and restore normal economic order more quickly. Of course, administrative means are short-term and unconventional means, which cannot be abused, and must be applied on the basis of respecting objective economic laws and proceeding from reality.

FYI.

Analysis of the law of law: macroeconomic regulation and control means are divided into: economic means, administrative means and legal means, and the economic handstock block includes fiscal policy and monetary policy.

Legal basis: Article 15 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China The State implements a socialist market economy. The state has strengthened economic legislation and improved macroeconomic regulation and control. The State prohibits any organization or individual from disrupting the social and economic order in accordance with law.