What are the abundant biological resources on the ground?

The forest is home to a wide variety of trees and shrubs, and vines shelter each other and mix with each other. In addition, undergrass in the forest, ferns, mosses, lichens and epiphytic parasitic mushrooms, which live on the soil and rocks of the mountain forest wilderness, these trees, grasses, ferns, birds, beasts, insects, fungi and the soil environment as a whole constitute a large biosphere, in such a system, the layers are diverse, the composition and structure are complex, the energy flow channels are criss-crossed, the richness of species and genes is the largest, the amount of information is the largest, and they maintain a relatively stable balance, according to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, At present, there are only about 30 species of plants and their varieties used for food production, and there are at least hundreds to thousands of species of plants in nature that can be used as human food, but the good times are not long, with the destruction of forests, the seriousness of the problem has become more and more prominent, and the plant species in nature are currently being lost at an alarming rate. It is estimated that as many as 25,000 species of higher vascular plants alone could be lost in the next 50 years, and many plants will disappear long before they are recognized by humans.

Moreover, as the number of species decreases, the probability of biological mutation will also be greatly reduced, and the disappearance of some plant species will also lead to the disappearance of more animal species. Peter H. Raven, director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, believes that from an ecological point of view, if a plant disappears, 10-30 species of organisms (such as insects, higher animals, and even other plants) that depend on the plant will also disappear. As a result, we are facing an explosion of chained loss of natural resources

On the ground, the mangrove forest in the wetland is an important terrestrial biological resource, which is extremely rich in a large group of biological resources due to its fertile soil, dense forests, diverse biological populations, abundant food and sufficient habitat for animals to reproduce.

The seabed topography with the richest biological resources in the ocean is located on the continental shelf.

The continental shelf refers to the shallow sea zone that surrounds the continent. It refers to the extension of the coastal land of the continent to the ocean under the sea surface, and the continent is covered by seawater. In the past glacial period, due to the decline of sea level, the continental shelf often exposed the sea surface and became land bridges. During interglacial periods (glaciers reced, as now), they were inundated by rising seas and became shallow seas.

Within the continental shelf, the depth of the sea generally does not exceed 200 meters, and the slope of the seabed is very small, generally not exceeding 1 10 degrees. The shallow sea area of the continental shelf is a good place for the growth and development of marine plants and marine animals, and is the seabed topography area with the richest biological resources. Most of the world's marine fisheries are located in continental shelf areas.

These resources belong to coastal States.

Topography of the seabed.

There are a lot of them, and although there are many taxonomies, most of them are on the ground.

Taxonomy is a fundamental method of studying living things. Biological classification is mainly based on the similarity of biological dead clusters (including morphological structure and physiological function, etc.), the organisms are divided into different levels such as species and genera, and the morphological structure and physiological function of each taxa are scientifically described, so as to clarify the genetic relationship and evolutionary relationship between different taxa. Classification is based on the characteristics of organisms in terms of morphological structure and physiological functions.

The basic unit of classification is species. The higher the taxonomic level, the less common denominator the organisms contained; The lower the classification level, the more common points of the creatures it contains. Understanding biological diversity, and protecting biological diversity, requires the classification of organisms.

The classification of organisms is as shown in the figure below

The scope of the biosphere: divided by sea level, the biosphere can reach an altitude of about 10 kilometers upwards, and can go down to a depth of about 10 kilometers, with a thickness of about 20 kilometers, including the bottom of the atmosphere, the entire hydrosphere and the surface of the lithosphere; Including forest ecosystems, marine ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, urban ecosystems, etc., it is the largest ecosystem

So the answer is: biosphere; atmosphere; Hydrosphere; Lithosphere.

The scope of the biosphere: divided by sea level, the biosphere can reach an altitude of about 10 kilometers upwards, and can go down to a depth of about 10 kilometers, with a thickness of about 20 kilometers, including the bottom of the atmosphere, the entire hydrosphere and the surface of the lithosphere; Including forest ecosystems, marine ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, urban ecosystems, etc., it is the largest ecosystem

So the answer is: biosphere; atmosphere; Hydrosphere; Lithosphere.