What is the organic chemistry formula, what is the chemistry formula?

Containing only hydrocarbons called hydrocarbons, the structure is chained or ringed. The double bond is an alkyne with a triple bond, and the single bond is connected to an alkane. The aliphatic ones are arranged in chains, and the aromatic ones are with benzene rings.

Heterogeneous common molecular formula, general universal homologue. Olefins are added to alkane substitution, and derivatives look at functional groups. The carboxyl group of aldoldehyde is called alkyl aldehyde and carboxylic acid.

Carbonyl ether bonds and amino groups, derivatives are ketone etheramines. Benzene with hydroxyl is called phenol, and naphthalene is bisphenyl in parallel. Dehydrogenation is called oxidation, and deoxygenation is called reduction.

Alcohols oxidize to ketoaldehydes, and aldehydes oxidize to carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are stronger than carbonic acid, and carbonic acid is stronger than carbolic acid. Photohalogenation is in the side chain, and catalytic halogenation is in the benzene ring.

Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons, halogens can be exchanged by hydroxyl groups. A water molecule is eliminated to form alkenes and hydrohalides. Potassium and sodium can be exchanged for hydrogen in alcohol, and the silver mirror reaction can identify aldehydes.

Copper hydroxide polyol, the solution is mixed with blue. Alcohol plus carboxylic acid to form esters, esters hydrolyzed into alkyds. Phenol is precipitated white when it encounters bromine, and starch turns blue when it encounters iodine.

Amino acids are both acidic and alkaline, formic acid is an acid and like aldehydes. The polymeric monomer becomes a chain link, and the broken party keys are connected in series. Ever-changing and interesting, infinite scenery to climb.

Organic chemistry is not difficult, and memorizing the general formula is the key.

Containing only C and H, it is called hydrocarbon, and the structure is chained or ringed.

The double bond is an alkyne with a triple bond, and the single bond is connected to an alkane.

The aliphatic ones are arranged in chains, and the aromatic ones are with benzene rings.

Heterogeneous shared molecular formula, general universal homogeneous.

Olefins are added to alkane substitution, and derivatives look at functional groups.

The hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid is called alkande and carboxylic acid.

Carbonyl ether bonds and amino groups, derivatives are ketone etheramines.

Benzene with hydroxyl is called phenol, and naphthalene is bisphenyl in parallel.

Removing H plus O is called oxidation, and removing O plus H is called reduction.

Alcohols oxidize to ketoaldehydes, and aldehydes oxidize to carboxylic acids.

Carboxylic acids are stronger than carbonic acid, and carbonic acid is stronger than carboxylic acid.

Photohalogenation is in the side chain, and catalytic halogenation is in the benzene ring.

Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons, halogens can be exchanged by hydroxyl groups.

A small molecule is eliminated to produce dilute and hydrohalic acids.

Potassium and sodium can be exchanged for hydrogen in alcohol, and aldehydes can be identified by silver mirror reaction.

Copper hydroxide polyol, the solution is mixed with blue.

Alcohol plus carboxylic acid to form esters, esters hydrolyzed into alkyds.

Phenol is precipitated white when it encounters bromine, and starch turns blue when it encounters iodine.

Amino acids are both acidic and alkaline, formic acid is an acid and like aldehydes.

The polymeric monomer is variable chain link, and the broken bonds are connected in series.

Ever-changing and interesting, infinite scenery to climb.

The chemical mantra is as follows:1. The valence (normality) of common elements

Monovalent potassium, sodium, hydrogen and silver, bivalent calcium, magnesium, barium and zinc, trivalent metal element aluminum.

157 variable chlorine, 245 nitrogen, sulfur 46, 35 phosphorus, 24 carbon.

One or two copper, two three iron, two four six or seven manganese special.

2. Steps to produce oxygen in the laboratory.

Tea (check), Zhuang (loading), set, point, receiving, profit (leaving), and interest (extinguishing).

Check the air tightness of the device, "load" the medicine, connect the device, fix the test tube on the iron frame, "point" light the alcohol lamp for heating, "collect" the collected gas, "leave" the catheter to move away from the water surface, "extinguish" the alcohol lamp to stop heating.

3. Experimental phenomena of electrolysis of water.

Oxygen positive hydrogen negative, oxygen one hydrogen two: the positive electrode releases oxygen, and the negative electrode releases hydrogen; The volume ratio of oxygen to hydrogen is 1:2.

4. The elements that make up the earth's crust.

Adopted daughters (oxygen, silicon, aluminum).

5. The relationship between the outermost shell of the atom and ions and valency formation.

If the positive is lost, the yin is negative, and the value remains unchanged: after the outermost atom loses electrons, a cation is formed, and the valency of the element is positive; After the outermost shell of the atom gains electrons, anions are formed, and the valency of the element is negative; Number of electrons gained or lost, number of charges, valency value.

6. Basic operation formulas for chemical experiments.

Solid need a spoon or paper trough, one for two, three bullets; The block is still good with tweezers, one horizontal, two and three slow vertical.

The liquid should be bottled in a slim-mouth bottle and tagged by hand before being poured. The reading should be level with the section, low and high in the top view.

The dropper is added to the rubber head, and the vertical suspension is not stained, and it is not flat and does not fall down, and it is not forgotten to clean after use.

The pallet balance must be flat, and the screw is centered; Put the object on the left to put the code on the right, and the tweezers clamp the big and the back clamp small.

The test strip is cut small first, and the glass rod is the best for liquid testing. The test strip is moistened first, and then stuck to the rod and leans towards the gas.

The wine lamp is heated with an external flame, and two-thirds is the boundary. Stir the sulfuric acid into the water without stopping, and slowly inject it to prevent boiling splashing.

The experiment first checked the air tightness, and heated the cup and bottle through the net. After the drainage and gas collection is completed, remove the catheter first and then move the lamp.

First cycle: hydrogen, helium. - Infringement.

Second cycle: lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon. ——Carp skin holding carbon eggs to raise blessings to tell the cracked milk and the wild closed.

Third cycle: sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, argon. - That beautiful Guilin has green teeth.

Common elements are hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon. So far in 2019, a total of 118 elements have been discovered, 94 of which are found on Earth. The nucleus of an element possessing atomic number 83 (bismuth element and later).

are unstable and will decay. The 43rd and 61st elements (technetium and promethium) have no stable isotopes.

decays occur. The heaviest surviving element in nature is neptunium 93.

The origin of elemental thought is very early, ancient Babylon.

The ancient Egyptians once regarded water (and later air and earth) as the main elements of the world, forming the three-element theory. Ancient India.

People have four major theories, and the ancient Chinese had the five elements theory.

Chemical mantra:

1. Solubility formula:

Potassium, sodium, ammonium, and nitrate are soluble, and hydrochloride is insoluble in silver and mercurous;

Sulfate is insoluble in barium and lead, and carbon phosphate is mostly insoluble.

Hydrogen-sulfur-soluble four positions, potassium sodium and magnesium barium.

Most acids are less soluble in alkali, and only potassium, sodium, ammonium, and barium are soluble.

2. Common valence formulas:

chlorochlorobromoiodine negative monovalent; N-monohydrogen silver with potassium sodium. The minus two of oxygen should be remembered first; n-dimagnesium, calcium, barium and zinc. positive three is aluminum, positive four silicon; Let's put the price change down.

All metals are regular; One or two coppers come two or three irons. Manganese is 24 and 67; Carbon 24 to keep in mind. non-metallic negative main is uneven; Chlorine minus one positive one five seven.

Nitrogen and phosphorus minus three and plus five; Different phosphorus, three nitrogen, two or four. Sulfur has minus two, positive, four-six; It will be cooked when you use it while memorizing it.

3. Preparation of the quantity and concentration solution of the substance

Calculate the weighing and take the step clear, dissolve and transfer and then set the volume. Don't forget to wash at room temperature, shake the label well, and you're done.

4. The top 10 elements in the earth's crust:

Formula: Raise a girl to stick the lid of the pot, which one doesn't have vegetables? (oxy-silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrotitanium).

5. Structure of the periodic table:

The periodic table is divided into rows and columns, with 7 rows and 18 columns, and the behavioral periodic column is a family.

There are seven, three short (1, 2, 3), three long (4, 5, 6), one incomplete, and 15 full lanthanum actinium. The family is divided into 7 main and 7 deputy 1 zero, the long and short are the main and the long is the secondary. 1 to 8 repeat the main and secondary, first the main and then the secondary.

In particular, the deputy full gold is the transition.

6. In the periodic law of elements, the relationship between the parity of the main valence of an element and the parity of its ordinal number:

The price is odd and the order is strange, and the price even order can be remembered as its homonym: "marry (price) chicken (odd) with chicken, marry dog (even) with dog".

7. Common root price formulas:

monovalent ammonium nitrate; Hydrohalide hydroxide. permanganate chlorate; Perchlorate acetate.

divalent carbonate sulfate; Manganese hydrosulfate. Suspense ammonium is the normal price; Negative three has a phosphate group.

8. Neutralization titration

Control the stopper with your left hand and shake the bottle with your right hand. Eyes staring at the solution, discoloration stopped for half a minute. Under the bottle, the paper eye looks at the color, the reading should be flat with the cut surface, the phenolphthalein indicator is often recognized, and the strong acid and weak alkali methyl orange. Use an acid burette and remember not to contain lye.

9. Nomenclature of alkanes:

The longest carbon chain is called an alkane, and the nearest branch chain is numbered. Simply in the front of the same and combined, should be uniform**.

10. Storage of common chemicals

Nitric acid, solid iodine, silver nitrate, low temperature protected from light brown bottle. Liquid bromide ammonia is volatile and should be sealed when stored in a cool manner. White phosphorus needs to be stored in cold water, potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, kerosene.

Alkali bottles need to be corked with rubber stoppers, and plastic lead should be used to store hydrogen fluoride. The perishable medicine has a short discharge time, and is flammable and explosive to avoid ignition sources. Desiccant in the laboratory, wax seal preservation heart calmly.

11. Writing method of isomers - carbon chain shortening method:

Formula: The main chain is from long to short, the branch chain is from whole to scattered, the position is from the heart to the edge, and the arrangement is adjacent to the middle.

12. Important experimental phenomena:

Hydrogen is pale in chlorine, and phosphorus is smoky in chlorine. Methane, hydrogen and chlorine are mixed, and strong light exposure is too dangerous. Magnesium strips in carbon dioxide are burned, and the two acids emit white smoke when they meet ammonia.

Ammonium chloride is sublimated by heat, and iodine turns blue when it meets starch. Methyl mercaptane carbon oxide, five burning flame blue. The copper wire stretches into the sulfur gas, and the sulfur and iron are mixed with black matter.

Hot copper and hot iron meet chlorine gas, and the smoke color is similar, all of which are brown.

1. Oxygen production formulapotassium manganese chlorate dioxide; Mix evenly and add heat.

Oxygen concentrators have characteristics; The bottom is high and the mouth is low and slightly sloping.

2. Gas collection formulaInteraction with water with exhaust method; Set up and down according to the density.

insoluble micro-dissolution drainage method; The resulting gas is of high purity.

3. Solubility formula:Potassium, sodium, ammonium, and nitrate are soluble, and hydrochloride is insoluble in silver and mercurous;

Sulfate is insoluble in barium and lead, and carbon phosphate is mostly insoluble.

Hydrogen-sulfur-soluble four positions, potassium sodium and magnesium barium.

Most acids are less soluble in alkali, and only potassium, sodium, ammonium, and barium are soluble.

4. Common valency formulas:chlorochlorobromoiodine negative monovalent; N-monohydrogen silver with potassium sodium. The minus two of oxygen should be remembered first; n-dimagnesium, calcium, barium and zinc.

positive three is aluminum, positive four silicon; Let's put the price change down. All metals are regular; One or two coppers come two or three irons. Manganese is 24 and 67; Carbon 24 to keep in mind.

non-metallic negative main is uneven; Chlorine minus one positive one five seven. Nitrogen and phosphorus minus three and plus five; Different phosphorus, three nitrogen, two or four. Sulfur has minus two, positive, four-six; It will be cooked when you use it while memorizing it.

5. Preparation of the quantity and concentration solution of the substance:Calculate the weighing and take the step clear, dissolve and transfer and then set the volume. Don't forget to wash at room temperature, shake the label well, and you're done.

1. Monovalent potassium sodium and silver chloride. 2. Divalent oxygen, calcium, barium, magnesium and zinc.

3. Trialuminum, tetrasilicon, pentavalent phosphorus.

4. Two-three-iron-two-tetracarbon.

5. 246 sulfur is complete.

6. Copper-mercury bivalent is the most common.

7. Positive and negative prices should be recorded.

8. Don't forget that the unit quality price is zero.

9. Negative hydroxide mononitrate.

10. Negative disulfite carbonate.

11. Remember the phosphate group of minus three.

12. The positive monovalent is ammonium.

13. Hydrogen, sodium, potassium, silver is positive monovalent, calcium, barium, magnesium and zinc are positive bivalent.

14. One or two copper, two iron iron, two four hexasulfur and two tetracarbon.

15. Three aluminum, four silicon, three or five phosphorus, and manganese, chloride and nitrogen.

Chemical main group element formula:

The first main family: hydrogen, lithium, sodium and potassium, such as cesium and francium (please Li Na to join the private interview) The second main family: beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium (comparable to Gates, thunder).

The third main family: boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium (touching the girl to marry him).

The fourth main group: carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead (westward migration of returnees).

Fifth main group: ammonia, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth (eggs are closed).

The sixth main group: oxysulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium (cattle breeding).

The seventh main family: chlorochlorobromoiodine astatine (father and daughter embroidered with love).

Eighth main group: ammonia, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon (harm to the first move).

Extended information: The main group of elements is a chemical classification of elements, which refers to the elements in the S and regions of the periodic table. Another definition of a major group element is a chemical element in which the number of electrons in the electron shell except for the outermost electron shell is full electrons.

In the periodic table, except for transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, and noble gases, they are all major group elements.