Organic Chemistry in College? 60, College Organic Chemistry?

At that time, it was very difficult to solve the problem of how the atoms in the molecule of organic compounds were arranged and combined. Originally, organic chemistry used binary theory to solve the structural problem of organic compounds. The dualistic theory holds that the molecules of a compound can be divided into positively charged and negatively charged, and the two are held together by electrostatic force.

Early chemists believed that in terms of certain chemical reactions, organic compound molecules were bound by electrostatic forces of a group that remained unchanged in the reaction and a group that changed in the reaction according to the electrostatic force of the opposite charge. But this doctrine itself is very contradictory.

The interaction of the outer electrons of each atom is what binds the atoms together. If the interacting outer electrons are transferred from one atom to another, ionic bonds are formed; If two atoms share outer electrons, a covalent bond is formed. Through the transfer or sharing of electrons, the outer electrons of the interacting atoms are all acquired in the electronic configuration of the noble gas.

Thus, the dash "—" used to represent the valence bond in the pictorial representation of the valence bond is actually a pair of two atoms sharing electron pairs.

There is no absolute demarcation between organic and inorganic compounds. The reason why organic chemistry has become an independent discipline in chemistry is that organic compounds do have their own intrinsic connections and properties.

The carbon element in the periodic table generally achieves a stable electronic configuration (i.e., forms a covalent bond) by sharing outer electrons with atoms of other elements. The way this covalent bond is bonded determines the properties of the organic compound. Most organic compounds are composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and a few also contain halogens and elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen.

Therefore, most organic compounds have properties such as low melting point, combustible, and soluble in organic solvents, which are very different from the properties of inorganic compounds.

In an organic compound molecule containing multiple carbon atoms, the carbon atoms combine with each other to form a molecular backbone to which atoms of other elements are attached. There is no other element in the periodic table that binds to each other as firmly as carbon does. There are various forms of molecular skeletons formed from carbon atoms, including straight, branched, cyclical, etc.

In the early stage of the development of organic chemistry, the main raw materials of the organic chemistry industry were animal and plant bodies, and organic chemistry mainly studied the separation of organic compounds from animal and plant bodies.

It depends on what major you choose? If you choose to major in liberal arts, then there will be no such confusion.

No, the main thing in college is to learn some of the more difficult ones.

Summary. This topic examines bromination reactions in organic chemistry. Usually under the condition of heating or catalyst, alkyl or aromatic hydrocarbons will react with bromine to form brominated hydrocarbons.

Febr3 here is a typical Lewis acid catalyst, which can accelerate the progress of the reaction. Therefore, the following compounds will be brominated in the presence of BR2 and Febr3 to obtain the corresponding brominated hydrocarbon products:1

Methane (CH4): Bromination does not occur due to the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-carbon triple bonds in the methane molecule. 2.

Ethane (C2H6): Ethane has a carbon-carbon single bond that reacts with bromine. Ethyl bromide (C2H5BR) is the product.

Can I ask organic questions.

Hello dear <>

Glad to answer your <> for renting stoves

University Organic Chemistry: College organic chemistry courses are one of the important positions for cultivating analogical thinking. Organic chemistry is a science that studies the composition, structure, properties, preparation methods and applications of organic compounds, and is a very attractive <>discipline

Organic chemistry is a discipline that studies the structure, properties, applications, mutual transformations and laws of various organic compounds, organic chemistry is an important basic course for chemical, pharmaceutical, biological, food and other related majors, and it is a MOOC built by Dalian University <>of Technology, a national excellent course, a bilingual teaching demonstration leakage course, a new century online course, a national excellent resource sharing course, a national excellent pure line open course on land, and a national first-class undergraduate course

Hello, yes, dear.

18 questions. Please help me answer in detail, thank you.

Good. Isn't it okay yet?

This topic examines bromination reactions in organic chemistry. Usually under the condition of heating or adding catalysts, the disturbance of the alkyl group or the aromatic group will react with bromine to form brominated hydrocarbons. Febr3 here is a typical Lewis acid catalyst, which can accelerate the progress of the reaction.

Therefore, the following compounds will be brominated in the presence of BR2 and Febr3 to obtain the corresponding brominated hydrocarbon products:1Methane (CH4):

Since there are no carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-carbon triple bonds in the methane molecule, no bromination reaction occurs. 2.Ethane (C2H6):

Ethane has a carbon-carbon single bond in it, which can react with bromine. Ethyl bromide (C2H5BR) is the product.

Oh. You're sure you didn't read the wrong question.

18 questions. Not really.

3.Ethylene (C2H4): Ethylene has a carbon-carbon double bond that reacts with bromine.

Brominated ethylene (C2H3BR) is the product. 4.Benzene (C6H6):

There is an aromatic continuous electron cloud in the benzene ring structure, and the electron addition reaction of Qiuzhou Xiaoxin is easy to occur without the ring ring. Therefore, benzene cannot react directly with bromine under conventional conditions. However, under high temperature and high pressure, the catalyst works synergistically.

Summary. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry in College is a book published by East China University of Science and Technology Press on August 1, 2006, and the author is Rong Guobin. This book mainly introduces the basic content of organic chemistry that should be studied in applied chemistry and chemistry majors.

The Foundation of Organic Chemistry in Universities is a bending book published by Hua Shun Dong University of Science and Technology Press on August 1, 2006, and the author is Rong Guobin. This book mainly introduces the basic content of organic chemistry that should be studied in applied chemistry and chemistry majors.

Chemistry and chemology are the basic natural sciences that study the composition, structure, properties, transformation and application of matter at the atomic and molecular levels. It originates from the practice of life and production, and continues to evolve with the progress of human society. This is different from particle physics and nuclear physics, which are studied on a smaller scale.

It takes some time for a pro.

You can upgrade the service.

Forehead,,, just a few questions, please.

Let's upgrade the service first<>

A reacts with water to form compound B-C5H10O3 (unsaturation = (2X5+2-10) 2=1), B can react with sodium bicarbonate to release CO2, and B is hydroxy acid; B is oxidized by chromium trioxide to form C-C5H8O3 (unsaturation = (2X5+2-8) 2=2), and C is ketoacid; B is dehydrated and produces A, which is an unsaturated acid.

Relatively speaking, it's not bad.

This is the electrophilic substitution on the benzene ring after the carbocation rearrangement. See Fig

Organic chemistry is a discipline that studies the structure, properties and preparation of organic compounds, and is an extremely important branch of chemistry. Also known as the chemistry of carbon compounds.

Carbonaceous compounds are called organic compounds because chemists in the past believed that carbonaceous substances must be made by living organisms (organisms); However, in 1828, the German chemist Friedrich W Hler succeeded in synthesizing urea (a biomolecule) in the laboratory, and since then organic chemistry has expanded from the traditional definition to the chemistry of carbon-containing substances; However, the name organic chemistry has followed the discipline for a lifetime, and no one has tried to change its name to "carbon chemistry" or other more appropriate terms. Although it is called "carbon chemistry", there are still a few carbon-containing compounds that are not classified as organic compounds because they do not have the characteristics of organic compounds, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon disulfide (CS2), carbonic acid (H2CO3), carbonate (CO32), bicarbonate (HCO3), thiocyanate (HSCN and its salts) and cyanide (HCN and its salts).

Organic compounds are of great interest to researchers because carbon atoms can form stable long carbon chains or rings, as well as many functional groups, which contribute to the diversity of organic compounds. Organic compounds can be divided into several broad categories based on the properties of their molecules, such as:

Aliphatic – organic compounds that are framed by carbon chains.

Aromatic – organic compounds containing benzene rings.

Heterocyclic – A ring structure that contains non-carbon atoms.

Polymer – a molecular ...... made up of repeating units linked to each other by covalent bondsWait a minute.

When studying organic compounds, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, etc. are very commonly used analytical methods.

In addition to this, organic chemistry is also the foundation of biochemistry and some other disciplines.

1. The relative molecular mass of a is 60, and the number of atoms is an integer.

Number of carbons = (

Number of hydrogen = (

Number of nitrogen = (

Number of oxygen = (

Then the experimental formula of A is C2H5NO, and the structural formula is H2N-CH2-CHO or HN=CH-CH2-OH

2. Ethanol CH3—CH2—OH The two C atoms are sp3 hybridized, and there are 8 sigma bonds in the molecule, and there are no bonds.

Acetonitrile CH3—CN The first C atom is sp3 hybridized, the second c atom is sp hybridized, and there are 5 sigma bonds and 2 pie bonds in the molecule.

Acetaldehyde CH3—CHO The first C atom is sp3 hybridized, the second c atom is sp2 hybridized, and there are 6 sigma bonds and 1 pie bond in the molecule.

The nitro group is more acidic when it is ortho or para-position of the hydroxyl group.

When the nitro group is located in the metaposition, the negative charge cannot be delocalized to the oxygen of the nitro group through the conjugation effect, and only the electron-withdrawing induction effect has an effect. M-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol, but less acidic than ortho or para. Dinitrophenol is more acidic.

When the halogen atom is attached to the benzene ring of phenol, the halogen atom is located in the ortho, meta and para positions of the phenol hydroxyl group, which can enhance its acidity.

Since the electron-withdrawing induction effect weakens rapidly with the increase of distance, the acidity of chlorine atoms located in the ortho, meta and para positions of phenol hydroxyl groups gradually decreases, but they are all more acidic than phenol.

When there is an electron donor substituent (such as methyl) on the benzene ring, the acidity of phenol is weaker than that of phenol, which is mainly due to the fact that the electron donor group increases the density of the electron cloud on the benzene ring, and the negative charge is difficult to delocalize to the benzene ring, making the phenol salt anion unstable, that is, the phenolic hydroxyl group is not easy to release protons, so the acidity is weaker than that of phenol.

The main product of this reaction is a.

That is, the reaction is diels-alder reaction, see Fig