Organic Chemistry Ultra Simple Simple Organic Chemistry

Methane and methanol have in common in their molecular composition (both have one carbon atom), and ethanol and acetic acid have in common in their molecular composition (they have two carbon atoms).Similarly, from the above analysis, it can be seen that A and B in the names of such substances are the number of carbon atoms in the molecule of the substance

Methanol and ethanol have a common atomic group (functional group) in their composition, which is -OH (denoted by symbols).

Both formic acid and acetic acid have the same properties as acids, and they can be ionized in water to form (hydrogen ions) similar to hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical equation for removing the scale in a thermos with acetic acid: 2CH3COOH+CACo3=CA(CH3COO)2+H2O+CO2

contains 1 c atom; Contains 2 c atoms; The number of c atoms.

OH (hydroxyl group);

hydrogen ions; ch3cooh + caco3 = ca(ch3coo)2 + co2 +h2o

Both have a methyl group (-ch3) and a carbon atom and 2 carbon atoms.

Number of carbon atoms (Note: For complex organic matter, not how many carbon atoms are used, A and B are used. to denote ohh+

caco3+2ch3cooh=ca(ch3coo)2+co2+h2o

Methane and methanol have the same molecular composition (the same number of carbon atoms), and ethanol and acetic acid have the same common point in the molecular composition (number of carbon atoms).

Methanol and ethanol have a common atomic group (functional group) in their composition which is (-OH).

Both formic acid and acetic acid have the common properties of acids, and they can both ionize in water to form (H ions) with properties similar to those of hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical equation for the scale in a thermopet with acetic acid (CH3COOH+CAC3=CH3COOCA+H2O+CO2).

Monochlorinate: One chlorine atom replaces one hydrogen on an alkane.

There is one isomer of cubic alkane (cube), and its monochlorogen.

It is known that there are 2 monochlorinates of propane (C3H8), and there are 2 isomers of its heptachlorolate (one and seven generations are the same).

Cubic alkane (cube), there are (1) isomers of its monochlorinated molecules, and all 8 vertices of the cube are the same from the point of view of hydrogen equivalence.

It is known that there are 2 kinds of monochlorinated mixtures of propane (C3H8), and there are (2) isomers of heptachlorolates.

Monochlorinated substances: A compound cubeane (cube) in which a hydrogen on an alkane is replaced by a chlorine atom, and the isomers of its monochlorinated substances are 1 known propane (C3H8) monochlorostats have 2, then there are 2 isomers of its heptachlorolates, you think about it, a total of eight hydrogen atoms, replacing one is the same as seven.

In high school, the knowledge of chemistry is very basic, it is all equations, the basic concepts of basic chemistry

Stability order: H2C=CH+CH=CH2> H2C=CH2+ >CH3CH+CH2CH3>CH3CH=CH+

The stability order of carbocations: benzyl type allyl carbocation (p- conjugated envy cracking can disperse the positive charge and reduce the energy) > tertiary carboxanion (alkyl group is the electron-donifying group, the more electron-donning groups, the stronger the dispersion of the positive charge can be orange pie power) >secondary carboxycation" primary carbocation "methyl carbocation" ethylene carbocation (that is, the positive charge is on the double-bonded carbon).

Obviously, H2C=CHCH+CH=CH2 and H2C=CHCH2+ are both allyl carbocations, but the first one is bi-carbon, so it is more stable. CH3CH+CH2CH3 is a secondary carbon carbocation, and CH3CH=CH+ is an ethylene carbocation.

The lower the energy. The more stable the carbocation the last one is or not ch2+ch2ch3

Butene and hydrogen bromide are added to form 2-bromobutane, which is heated in the alcohol solution chain bond of the alkali to form 2-butene, and alkaline dilute cold potassium permanganate is added.

or osmium tetroxide to produce cis-2,3-butanediol.

2.Propylene and chlorine.

At 500, the heavy bond -h substitution reaction occurs to form 3,-chloro-1-propanene, and then 1,2,3,-trichloropropane is formed by addition of cantonia and chlorine.

Bromobutane removes hydrogen bromide to form 2-bromobutane, and bromoaddition forms trans-2,3,-dibromobutane, which is heated in an aqueous solution of alkali to form trans-2,3-butanediol.

What makes the cuprous chloride ammonia solution produce a red precipitate is phenylacetylene or propylene; Of the remaining two, the bromine solution that can discolor carbon tetrachloride is styrene or propylene; None of the above experimental phenomena are ethylbenzene or propane.

There's no mantra for that.

First of all, sulfonic acid is very acidic, about the same as sulfuric acid.

Carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, and alcohols: Carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and alcohols are actually very acidic between H2CO3 >phenol" HCO3-

The difference between a hooc cooh, b hoocch2cooh, c hoocch2ch2cooh, d hoocch2ch2ch2cooh is that the methylene group between the two carboxadenide groups is defeated, which can be regarded as giving the electron group so that the hydrogen ions in the carboxyl group are not easy to leave, and the acidity is weakened, and if the electron group is connected, the acidity is enhanced.

The last question is selected d C6H5Cooh benzene ring, which is a strong balance of electron groups, which makes C6H5Cooh the weakest acidity.

Basically, the state beats are memorized:

Benzene sulfonic acid is very acidic, close to sulfuric acid.

Comparison of organic carboxylic acids: the longer the carbon chain and the more branched chains, the weaker its acidity.

The alcohol hydroxyl group is neutral.

Phenolic hydroxyl groups are weakly acidic, but they are weaker acidic than carbonic acid.

When the carbon chain is the same, the more carboxyl groups, the more acidic the sail ant.

H+ concentration, ionization, and so on, you know, right? If you are given a molecular formula to judge its acidity, it is more difficult to use college chemistry knowledge In high school, it is generally used to use some of the equations that I have seen + strong acids, weak acids, withered worlds and other laws to judge, if you really want to judge, please have no limb science-related university textbooks or ask university professors, lecturers, graduate students, and undergraduates.

The strength of acidity mainly depends on the difficulty of acid ionization when dissolved in water. In other words, the ability of atoms attached to hydrogen to attract hydrogen. The acidity influencing factors of organic acids mainly consider the types of functional groups, such as carboxyl groups (fatty acids, acids containing aromatic hydrocarbons), hydroxy senpi (alcohol hydroxyl group, phenol), aldehydes, etc.; conjugation effect; Hydrogen bond.

Another method of judging the inclusion and breaking is to look at the stability of the anion after ionization, the more stable it is after ionization, the stronger the acidity.

There is a mantra for this regular, you ask your chemistry teacher, and he will tell you! I forgot the mantra or I'll tell you about it.

1c 2a 3badc 4d

Your question number is 2

This and how to dissipate the theoretical content of the chemistry competition, Bi Mo Qiao is beyond the outline.

(1) 1. Treated with 1mol sodium amino, sodium acetylene CH CNA was obtained.

2. Sodium acetylene reacts with 1-chloropropane to obtain 2-pentaryne.

3. Hydrogenation of 2-pentyne with lindrar catalyst to obtain cis-2-pentene.

2) 2-bromoethanol was used as a MG format reagent, and then reacted with acetone to directly obtain the product 4-methyl-1,3-butanediol.

First calculate the unsaturation = (8*2+2-6) 2=6. The unsaturation of the benzene ring is 4, so the remaining unsaturation is 2

In addition to the 6 C's of the benzene ring, there are 2 C's and 2 O's, which may be sold as double bonds.

A can be a shed with a C-C triple bond.

b Both hydroxyl groups are OK, of course they do, for example, a -o-ch=ch2c happens to be 2 unsaturated

d A collapsed carboxyl group accounts for 1 c and 2 o, the unsaturation is 1, and the remaining one c cannot be a double bond, so d is impossible.