How did people call others in ancient times, and what did ancient people call themselves?

The surname is the title that marks the family system; Clan is the title of the ancient aristocratic symbol of the clan system, which is a branch of the surname.

It can be seen that in the third generation of the Xia Shang dynasty, the surname and the first name were two different things, and later they became one. For example, after Ji Fa, the king of Zhou Wu, destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, his younger brother Zhenduo's fief was the State of Cao. Zhenduo's descendants took "Cao" as their clan.

In other words, the Cao family originated from the surname Ji, that is, the surname Ji Cao. After the Zhou Dynasty, the surname was no longer divided, and Cao became the surname.

The names of the ancients had different numbers of words in different periods, generally one word or two. Therefore, the names of the ancients were almost the same as they are now, generally two or three characters; For those with compound surnames (two-character surnames), it is three or four characters.

The ancients had surnames and names, and names and characters. Take a word related to the meaning of the name (usually two words) to show virtue, called "table character", referred to as the word. Such as Confucius, Mingqiu, the word Zhongni; , the name Zedong, the word Runzhi; Chiang Kai-shek, named Zhiqing, later changed his name to Zhongzheng, the word Kai-shek.

In addition to names and characters, many ancients also had numbers, or even more than one number. The number is taken later, mostly four words.

Such as Li Bai, the word is too white, and the number is Qinglian layman; Ouyang Xiu, the word Uncle Yong, the number of drunkards, 61 laymen; Zhao Mengfu, the word is ang, the number is Songxue Dao, and the water spirit palace is Daoren.

1. "Zi" is an honorific title for learned and moral men in ancient times, which can be translated as "Mr.", Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, etc. are all such honorific titles, "Zi" can sometimes be translated as "you", such as: "Zi" in "Zi", "Zi" sometimes refers to Confucius, in addition, there are "Jun, Gong, Qing, General" and so on;

2. Call your parents Gao Tang and Chun Xuan, call other people's parents Ling Zun and Ling Tang, call other people's brothers and sisters Ling Lang and Ling Ai, call your parents your father, mother, family strict, family kindness, and call your brothers and sisters brothers and sisters; to his wife's father, father-in-law, and Tarzan; Brothers are called siblings, Kunzhong, and Tangdi; Husband and wife are called husband and wife, spouse, and partner; After the death of the parents, the word "first" is added before the address, and the father is called the father when he dies; First strict, first test, the death of the mother is called the first mother, the first kindness, the first concubine, and the word "death" is added after the death of peers, such as the deceased wife, deceased sister, etc.;

3. Call teachers teachers and masters, call students protégés and students, call schools cold windows, and classmates call classmates; Call other people's family courtyards the house, respect the house, and call themselves the humble house, the house, and the thatched hall.

Ancient ways to ask someone's name:

1. Dare to ask your Excellency's name?

2. Dare to ask the son's high finger to cover his surname?

3. Have you ever asked for the name of the young lady?

4. How do you call your Excellency?

5. What is Brother Tai? Or, "Brother Ren?"

6, dare to ask the name of Brother Tai?

In general, it is not possible to ask for someone's name directly, but indirectly. Generally, they report their names and ask the other party's name on the side.

You can ask: "Dare to ask Your Excellency's name", "In the next so-and-so, I don't know the name". Brother, where does the family live? Please ask my brother Taizun's surname? What is your name? Generally: Please ask your surname.