What are the types of Chinese character sets commonly used in modern Chinese characters?

Regular script and line script, two kinds of four.

The glyph structure of Chinese characters includes: single character, upper and lower structure, upper, middle and lower structure, left and right structure, left, middle and right structure, fully enclosed structure, semi-enclosed structure, interspersed structure, and character structure.

Monolithic characters are formed by direct combination of strokes, and their structural units have two levels: strokes and whole characters. For example, the sun, the moon, the mountain, the water - the Chinese characters are generally pictographs, the number is small, accounting for about 5 of the total number of Chinese characters.

A combined character is composed of two or more Chinese characters, and its structural unit has three levels: strokes, partial (parts), and whole characters. Such as:

Rest, rest, forest, and question - Chinese characters not only have the function of imagery but also have a strong function of self-organization, and the number of combined characters is large, accounting for about 95 of the total.

Chinese characters were invented and improved by the Han ancestors in ancient times, and the exact history can be traced back to the oracle bone inscriptions, Zhou scripts, and Jin inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty in about 1300 BC. Then to the small seal of the Qin Dynasty, to the Han Dynasty, to the Tang Dynasty, to the Tang Dynasty Kaihua into today's handwritten font standard - block letters.

Chinese characters, also known as Chinese characters, Chinese characters, and square characters, belong to the morpheme syllabic script of ideograms. Chinese characters are the writing of Chinese, and are also borrowed to write Japanese, Korean, Korean and other languages, which is a kind of script widely used in the Chinese character cultural circle, and it is also the only highly developed morpheme script that is still widely used in the world.

In a broad sense, Chinese characters refer to characters ranging from oracle bone scripts, large seals, golden scripts, Zhou scripts, and small seals to official scripts, cursive scripts, regular scripts (and derivative line scripts), and in a narrow sense, Chinese characters that are written in regular letters as the standard, which are also commonly used in modern Chinese characters today.

What are the main characteristics of Chinese characters.

Text: Zhang Min. Chinese characters are flat square scripts; Chinese characters are ideographic characters, and there is a certain justification between the morphological and phonetic meanings of Chinese characters. Chinese characters are recorded in Chinese, and word segmentation is not practiced. In form, Chinese characters gradually changed from graphics to strokes, pictograms to symbols, and complex to simple.

1. Characteristics of Chinese characters.

The shape of a Chinese character is a square flat type.

Written symbols, everyone is clear, one is the combination of letters (Latin, Slavic, Arabic) are all linear characters. Chinese characters are different from these characters, they are a kind of flat square words, Chinese characters are different from other alphabetic characters, they are a combination of lines arranged, but the number of strokes is limited in a square, and it will definitely not be like the arrangement of letters, the length is different, so Chinese characters have a name "square word".

Chinese characters are relatively stable.

The function of writing must be stable, otherwise it will inevitably be lost as a social function. From a historical point of view, although the speed of change is slow, it is not static, even if it changes, it is extremely small, such as "people, mountains, woods" and so on, although these fonts have changed, but the internal structure has basically not changed.

Chinese characters have their basis.

The structure of Chinese characters reveals rich cultural connotations, such as the words that represent mental activities, all add the word "heart" as a side, such as "Yi, fear, worry", etc., all of which have a great relationship with psychological activities, and for example, next to the word "Yan", most of them are related to language, such as "language, discussion, discussion" and so on. These rotten Chinese characters all have their meanings and connotations.

Several types of Chinese character structures in ancient Chinese are:Upper and lower structures, left and right structures, left-center-right structures, upper-middle-lower structures, semi-enclosed structures, fully enclosed structures, and mosaic structures

All combinations of Chinese characters can be grouped into one of the above structures. Some people also refer to the structure of Chinese characters in the upper and lower structures as "pin, crystal, and forest" as "pinzi structure"; The structure of Chinese characters in the shape of " and 燚 is called "Tianzi structure".

The structure of Chinese characters.

1. The combination of shape, sound and meaning constitutes the unity of Chinese characters, which is one of the laws of Chinese character composition, and the connection between form and meaning is the prominent composition feature of Chinese characters.

This composition is the main feature that distinguishes Chinese characters from pinyin characters. In pinyin characters, the glyph only indicates the pronunciation, not the meaning of the word, and the glyph has no connection with the meaning of the word.

2. Chinese characters are an organic combination of meaning as the core and form, sound and meaning.

The relationship between the meaning of the word and the shape and sound of the word is the relationship between the content and the form. The meaning of the word is the inner spiritual core of the Chinese character, and the shape and pronunciation of the character are the mode of existence of the Chinese character, and the structure and organization of the meaning of the word.

Glyphs and pronunciations serve the meaning of the words.

Seven: upper and lower structure, left and right structure, left-center-right structure, upper-middle-lower structure, semi-enclosed structure, fully enclosed structure, and mosaic structure.

All combinations of Chinese characters can be grouped into one of the above structures. Some people also refer to the structure of Chinese characters in the upper and lower structures as "pin, crystal, and forest" as "pinzi structure"; The structure of Chinese characters in the shape of " and 燚 is called "Tianzi structure".

The first radical to be used as a Chinese character classification was Shuowen Jiezi. Shuowen Jie Zi classifies the Chinese characters of Xiao Seal into 540 radicals, and classifies the principles of the creation of these Chinese characters into six principles: pictograms, signifiers, huiyi, morphophonics, transcribing, and borrowing.

The biggest principle of radical classification in Shuowen Jie Zi is that radicals must have meaning to the structure of this Chinese character, so the morphophonetic characters such as kill and release are also formulated as radicals.

In addition, the numbers from one to ten, the heavenly stems from Jia to Gui, and the earthly branches from Zi to Hai were all chosen as radicals.

Although the radical arrangement method emphasizes that the radical should be related to the text, it is also influenced by the concept of the five elements of yin and yang, starting with one part and ending with the hai part at the end of the earthly branch, so as a classification method, it is not easy to find the text you want to search.

Later, many character books imitated the Shuowen Jie Zi and classified Chinese characters by radicals. Such as "Jade Chapter" (542 radicals), "Class Chapters" (540 radicals), etc., the font used in these character books is already regular script, and the content is not the ** of the explanation text, but the meaning of the word. However, the radicals used are almost the same as those of Shuowen Jie Zi, and the disadvantage of not being easy to search is still there.

For a long time in China, in order to make it easier to check the characters, it was more popular to arrange Chinese characters in rhyme than to organize them in radicals. This classification is helpful for filling in poems and checking words. For example, in the Song Dynasty, some people also published the interpretation of the characters in the order of rhyme.

Subsequently, the Liao Dynasty monk Xing Junzhi's "Dragon Shrine Handbook" (242 radicals), Han Xiaoyan of the Jin Dynasty, Han Daozhao's "Five Syllables of the Sea" (444 radicals) and other character books began to try to adjust the number of radicals and pursue higher convenience of character inspection.

In particular, in "The Sea of Five Syllables", for the first time, the Chinese characters (parts) in the same radical are arranged by the number of strokes. However, the radicals themselves are not arranged in the number of strokes.

Pictograms: easy, can, well, bean.

Finger: Zhu. Meaning: crown, thief, sudden, sacrifice, stand, benefit, wade, and, smelly, subject to the sound: Tang, urgent, jing, more.

1. Eight points.

This is a general customary classification, which is divided into 8 types: single, upper, lower, upper, middle, lower, left and right, left, middle, right, semi-surrounded, fully surrounded, and fret-shaped.

7 kinds. This is the case with the middle school textbook.

In addition, there are 8 types: single, up-down, up-down, up-middle-bottom, left-right, left-center-right, semi-surrounded, fully surrounded, and special. Compared with the previous one, this division has less fret-shaped structure and more special structure.

This division not only does not affect people's habits, but also makes up for the lack of "sitting, cool, and multiply" that are not easy to divide and classify.

2. Sextendomics.

Normative Dictionary for Elementary School Students

Editor-in-chief Li Xingjian, published by Chinese Language Publishing House) is divided into two categories and 6 types: independent characters.

Up and down, left and right, semi-surrounded, surrounded, special. Nowadays, many more rigorous dictionaries are also divided in this way, such as the "Chinese New Dictionary" published by the Encyclopedia of China Publishing House in 2007 and the "Xinhua New Edition Dictionary" published by Xinhua Publishing House. Of course, there are also dictionaries that lack a special structure and become 5 types.

3. The nine-point method.

The Dictionary of Chinese Character Attributes (edited by Fu Yonghe, published by the Chinese Language Publishing House) is divided into 15 types: single characters, upper and lower structures, upper middle and lower structures, left and right structures, left-center-right structures, fully enclosed structures, upper three pregnant structures, lower three pregnant structures, three pregnant left structures, upper left pregnant structures, lower left pregnant structures, upper right pregnant structures, lower right pregnant structures, symmetrical structures, and special structures.

In use, 7 kinds of encapsulated structures are often combined, which are called semi-enclosed structures or encapsulated structures, so that there are 9 types: monomeral, upper and lower, upper, middle and lower, left and right, left-center-right, fully surrounded, semi-surrounded, symmetrical structure, and special structure. This categorization is uncommon.

The structure of Chinese characters.

There are several types:

1. Independent character (19 mountain cattle civil).

2. Combined words:

1) upper and lower structure (Baohua Luyan Zhongshu), 2) upper, middle and lower structure (Xixi burial vessel);

3) left and right structure (as Tao Wanwu soft bin), 4) left, middle and right structure (Banjiao Street Debate Porridge Emblem);

5) Full-encirclement structure (prisoner-induced solidification circle), 6) Semi-encirclement structure (Tongyi near-Qiqing type);

7) Pinzigzag structure (Pinjingzhong), 8) Wear and add structure (Wu Chengshuang obedient).

Left and right structure, upper and lower structure, semi-enclosed structure, fully enclosed structure.

Left and right structure, upper and lower structure, semi-enclosed structure, fret byte structure,