What are the test blocks commonly used in penetrant testing?

1.Aluminum alloy test block (A-type comparison test block).

The aluminum alloy test block is composed of two parts of the same size after the same test block is cut, and is marked with the same serial number, marked with A and B marks respectively, and the A and B test blocks should have fine and relatively symmetrical crack patterns. Other requirements of aluminum alloy test blocks should comply with the relevant provisions of JB T 9213.

2.Chromium plated test block (type B test block).

A test block with a size of 130mm 40mm and a material of 0Cr18Ni9Ti or other stainless steel materials is chrome-plated on one side, and three radial crack areas are formed by applying different loads on the back of the Brinell hardness method, and the area numbers are arranged in order of size, and their position, spacing, and other requirements should comply with the relevant provisions of B-type test blocks in JB T 6064-1992. The crack sizes correspond to the crack zone numbers on the JB T 6064-1992 B-type test block.

3.Aluminum alloy test blocks are mainly used in the following two situations:

a) Under normal use, test whether the penetrant tester can meet the requirements, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the performance of the two penetrant testers;

b) Identification of penetrant testing methods for use at non-standard temperatures.

4.The chrome plating test block is mainly used to verify the sensitivity of the penetrant tester system and the correctness of the operation process.

Blocks for coloration penetrant testing cannot be used for fluorescence penetrant testing and vice versa.

If the test block is found to be blocked or the sensitivity is reduced, it must be repaired or replaced in time.

The test block should be thoroughly cleaned with acetone after use. After cleaning, the test block is stored in a closed container with a mixture of acetone and anhydrous alcohol (volume mix ratio of 1 1), or by other effective methods.

You query GBT18851 "Non-Destructive Testing.

The test blocks for penetrant testing are described in detail in the Penetrant Testing Standard Test Blocks.

Application: You can inquire about the "Technical Requirements and Uses of Penetrant Testing Standard Test Blocks" written by Jin Yufei, Secretary General of the Nondestructive Testing Standardization Committee, No. 10, 2003.

Penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing that uses the principle of capillary action to detect open defects on the surface of materials.

Method. Scope of application:

1. Testing (steel, heat-resistant alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy.)

Copper alloys) and non-metallic (ceramic, plastic) workpieces with surface opening defects, such as cracks, porosity, porosity, slag inclusions, cold separation, folding, and oxidation scars. These surface opening defects, especially subtle surface opening defects, are generally difficult to detect with direct visual inspection.

2. Magnetic materials can be inspected and non-magnetic materials can also be inspected; Ferrous metals can be inspected.

Non-ferrous metals can also be inspected, and non-metals can also be inspected.

3. You can inspect welded parts or castings, rolled parts and forgings, and machined parts.

The advantages of penetration flaw detection are: 1. The defect display is intuitive;

2. High sensitivity;

3. The inspection is not affected by the geometry of the workpiece and the direction of the defect;

4. No water and electricity, especially suitable for on-site inspection.

The disadvantages of penetrant testing are: 1. The nature of the defect can only be roughly determined.

2. The detection speed is relatively slow.

3. The pollution is relatively heavy.

Penetrant testing is suitable for the detection of surface opening defects in any non-hollow material workpiece, including cracks, white spots, porosity, pinholes and inclusions.

Advantages: It can detect a variety of materials; metallic and non-metallic materials; magnetic, non-magnetic materials; welding, forging, rolling and other processing methods;

High sensitivity (wide defects can be found);

The display is intuitive, the operation is convenient, and the detection cost is low.

Disadvantages: It can only detect defects in surface openings;

It is not suitable for inspecting workpieces made of porous porous porous materials and workpieces with rough surfaces;

Penetrant testing can only detect the surface distribution of defects, and it is difficult to determine the actual depth of defects, so it is difficult to make quantitative evaluation of defects. The detection results are also greatly influenced by the operator.

Detection for what kind of situation:

It is suitable for inspecting workpieces made of non-porous and loose materials.

Answer]: A, crack carry difference B

Penetrant flaw testing consists of four basic steps: infiltration, cleaning, imaging and inspection. The advantage of penetrant testing is that it is not limited by the geometry, size, chemical composition, internal structure and defect orientation of the test piece, and all defects in the surface can be inspected at the same time in one operation; The speed of inspection is fast, a large number of parts can be inspected in batches at the same time, the defects are displayed intuitively, the inspection is sensitive, the operation is simple, no complex equipment is required, the cost is low, and the defects with a width of less than 1 m can be found. It can detect defects such as cracks, inclusions, looseness, folding, and porosity; Not suitable for loose and porous materials.

The main limitation is that only the defects that are open on the surface of the specimen can be detected, but the depth of the defects and the shape and size of the defects inside cannot be displayed.

Penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing method that uses capillary phenomena to inspect surface defects of materials.

Penetrant flaw detection is an application technology derived from the development of industry, which is a non-destructive testing measure applied in addition to visual inspection. Due to the simple operability of the penetrant flaw detection itself in the actual implementation of the Bison process, the technology has been widely used in various fields. In addition, with the rapid development of science and technology, the traditional permeability flaw detection technology has gradually expanded to the detection technology of porous materials [1].

Chinese name. Penetrant testing.

Foreign name. penetrant inspection

Fields of application. Inspect locomotive parts for cracks, steel cracks, etc.

Quality. Material damage test methods.

process. Infiltration, cleaning, visualization, observation of repentance.

Fast. Navigation.

Classification of the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various penetrant flaw detection methods, operating procedures.

Brief introduction. At the beginning of the 20th century, kerosene, which has penetrating ability, was the first to be used to inspect cracks in locomotive parts. By the early 40s, the American Switzer (invented.

Fluorescent permeate, this permeate was widely used to inspect light alloy parts of military aircraft during World War II, and penetrant flaw detection became one of the main non-destructive testing methods and was widely used.

Penetrant testing. Penetrant testing is to apply a dye-containing dye-containing coloring or fluorescent penetrant to the surface of the part, and under the action of capillaries, the penetrant penetrates into the surface opening defects due to the wetting of the liquid and the action of capillaries. Excess penetrant is then removed from the surface of the part and a thin layer of developer is applied to the surface of the part.

The penetrant in the defect is re-adsorbed to the surface of the part under the action of capillaries to form an enlarged defect image display, which is observed under a black light (fluorescence test method) or white light (color test method).

The basic process of penetrant flaw detection: penetration, cleaning, visualization, observation.

There are three types of penetrant testing processes according to the required process. The required equipment corresponds to the process configuration.

Washable type: penetration, washing, drying, visualization, observation.

Oily post-emulsification: osmosis emulsification washing drying imaging observation.

Aqueous post-emulsification: osmosis before cleaning emulsification after cleaning after drying imaging observation.

In the process of penetrant flaw detection, attention should be paid to: the process time, cleaning force, cleaning degree, temperature of each process, and the quality of the penetrant consumables used.

It is a non-destructive testing method based on the principle of capillary action to inspect surface opening defects.

Capillary action refers to the phenomenon that the infiltrated liquid rises in the thin tube and the non-infiltrated liquid decreases in the thin tube. Among them, the duct in the stem of the plant is the very fine capillary in the plant, which can absorb the water in the soil, and the bricks absorb water, the towel absorbs sweat, and the pen absorbs ink. There are many tiny pores in these objects that act as capillaries, and the combined effect of the surface tension, cohesion and adhesion of the liquid allows the moisture to rise to a certain height in the smaller diameter capillaries, which is called the capillary phenomenon.

The working principle of penetrant testing is as follows: after the surface of the workpiece is coated with a penetrant containing fluorescent dyes or coloring dyes, under the action of capillaries, after a certain period of time, the penetrant can penetrate into the surface opening defects; Remove the excess penetrant on the working surface, and after drying, apply the adsorption medium - developer on the surface of the workpiece; Also under capillary action, the developer will attract the penetrant in the defect, that is, the penetrant will infiltrate back into the development; Under a certain light source (black or white light), the traces of penetrant at the defect are displayed (yellow-green fluorescent or bright red), so as to detect the topography and distribution of the defect.

Penetrant testing includes fluorescence and coloration. The fluorescence method is to apply the permeate containing fluorescent substances to the surface of the flaw to be detected, penetrate into the surface defect through capillary action, and then clean the permeate to remove the surface, and retain the permeate in the defect for development. The typical imaging method is to sprinkle a uniform white powder on the surface of the flaw to be tested, and the permeate is sucked out of the defect and extended to the surface.

In this case, a UV lamp is used to illuminate the surface in a dark area, and the defect emits a bright fluorescence. The coloration method is similar to the fluorescence method, except that the permeate does not contain a fluorescent substance, but contains a coloring dye, which makes the permeate visible and can be inspected under white light or sunlight. In general, fluorescence is more sensitive than coloration.

Both methods include four basic steps: infiltration, cleaning, visualization, and inspection.

According to the method of cleaning the permeate from the flaw to be detected, the fluorescence method and coloring method of penetrant flaw detection can be divided into three types: water washing type, post-emulsification type and solvent removal type.

Commonly used penetrant testing methods include color penetrant testing, fluorescent penetrant testing, water-washed penetrant testing, and solvent removal penetrant testing. Dry imaging penetrant testing, wet imaging penetrant testing, and actual flaw detection are often a combination of several different methods. For example, a combination of water-washable and solvent-removing penetrants can be used for both dry and wet development.

Answer]: a, b

Textbook p87. The advantage of penetrant flaw testing is that it is not limited by the geometry, size, chemical composition, internal structure and defect orientation of the test specimen, and all defects in the surface can be inspected at the same time in one operation. The speed of inspection is fast, a large number of parts can be inspected in batches at the same time, the defects are displayed intuitively, the inspection sensitivity is high, the operation is simple and the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the defects below the width lum can be found. It can detect defects such as cracks, inclusions, looseness, folding, and porosity; Not suitable for loose and porous materials.

The main limitation is that only defects that are open to the surface of the specimen can be detected, and the depth of the defect and the shape and size of the defect inside cannot be displayed.