What is the PhyA gene and what does total DNA mean

As it is said that the rise and fall of the sun. Zhou Bangyan Xihe.

Various types of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) inside the cell, including genomic DNA, extranuclear DNA, nuclear DNA (chromosomal DNA), mitochondrial DNA, are called total DNA.

It is all the DNA in the cell, including the nucleus and the organelles!

All DNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm

In short, the basic characteristics of life.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a class of nucleic acids that get their name from the presence of deoxyribose in the molecule.

The DNA molecule is extremely large (the molecular weight is generally at least one million or more), and the main components are adenine deoxynucleotide, guanine deoxynucleotide, cytosine deoxynucleotide and thymine deoxynucleotide. DNA is found in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and can also be present in the cytoplasm of some cells in a free state. DNA is also found in most known bacteriophages, some animal viruses, and a few plant viruses.

With the exception of RNA (ribonucleic acid) and bacteriophages, DNA is the basis of the genetic material of all living things. The similarity and inheritance between parents and children, the so-called genetic information, are stored in the DNA molecule. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA:

It consists of a pair of polynucleotide chains coiled around each other to form a double helix. They thus shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with physicist Frederick Wilkins of the National Institute of Engineering in London.

DNA Genetic double helix distribution Very long and irregular So it is unique.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material.

DNA (abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid), also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the main chemical component of chromosomes and the material that makes up genes. Sometimes referred to as "genetic microparticles" because during reproduction, the parents copy and pass a portion of their own DNA to the offspring, thus completing the transmission of the trait. The nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell is a long DNA molecule.

There is more than one chromosome in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, and each chromosome also contains only one DNA molecule. However, they are generally larger than the DNA molecules in prokaryotic cells and bind to proteins. The function of the DNA molecule is to store the entire genetic information of almost all proteins and RNA molecules that determine the traits of a species; Encoding and designing biological organisms to transcribe genes and express proteins in a certain time and space in an orderly manner, complete all the programs of directed development; The unique traits and personalities of the organism and all the stress responses when interacting with the environment are preliminarily determined.

In addition to chromosomal DNA, a very small amount of structurally different DNA is present in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. The genetic material of a DNA virus is also DNA, and very rarely RNA

Chinese: Transfer DNA

Location: A piece of DNA on a soil Agrobacterium plasmid

Function: It can be transferred from Agrobacterium and stably integrated into the plant nuclear genome in the new high school biology elective 3 textbook, and the target gene is introduced into plant cells to construct a transport vector. took advantage of its transfer properties.

This is the content of Elective 3, which is a DNA sequence on a double-stranded plasmid outside the nucleomimetic of Agrobacterium. A known restriction enzyme cleavage site can be selected on this side, and the foreign gene can be integrated into the plasmid, that is, the DNA can be cut and inserted into it, so that the T-DNA is equivalent to providing a restriction enzyme cleavage site.

A DNA sequence in Agrobacterium ti (tumor inducing) or RI (root inducing) plasmid, which can be transferred from Agrobacterium and stably integrated into the plant nuclear genome, has become a widely used genetic transformation vector in plant molecular biology.

Transfer RNA

Carrying amino acids.