The composition and characteristics of the garden ecosystem

Garden ecosystems.

It is a garden ecological environment and a garden biome.

interconnected and interacting ecosystems. The garden ecological environment includes the self-recognized environment of the round forest (i.e., the natural climate and natural substances) and the semi-natural environment of the garden.

and the garden artificial environment. Whereas, garden organisms include garden plants, garden animals, and garden microorganisms.

Features of the garden ecosystem:

1. Structural characteristics: there are vertical and horizontal spatial structures, the time structure of succession sequences and food chains.

The nutritional structure of the food web.

2. Functional characteristics: The garden ecosystem has three basic functional characteristics: material circulation, energy flow and information transmission.

3. It has the function of automatic regulation, which is manifested in the regulation of the density of biological populations, the regulation of the number of heterogeneous organisms and the regulation of mutual adaptation between organisms and the environment.

Fourth, the garden ecosystem is an open system.

Fifth, the spatial characteristics of the system.

Sixth, the characteristics of dynamic changes.

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Learn garden ecology, through the study of artificially planted garden trees, flowers, lawns and other plants and natural or semi-natural plant groups together composed of garden biological communities and the corresponding environment between the interrelationship, to achieve the scientific and artistic purpose of coordinating the relationship between human economy, social development and the natural environment, protect and rationally use natural resources, create an ecologically sound, beautiful landscape, reflect the culture of the times and sustainable development of the human living environment, in the environmental ecological benefits, economic and social benefits.

The ecological functions of garden plants mainly include: purifying the air, conserving water, maintaining water and soil, reducing wind speed, reducing noise, reducing dust pollution, reducing the temperature of the surrounding environment in summer, and beautifying the environment.

1. The ecological garden was proposed in the 80s of the 20th century, in which there are many kinds of statements about the ecological garden, covering different definitions, but in general, the ecological garden is to take the ecological concept as a foothold, combined with the basis of ecological principles, from the perspective of maintaining ecological balance, advocate maintaining and carrying forward the traditional garden, based on the harmony between man and nature, through the corresponding technical means of manual trimming or planning of nature, So as to establish a green space suitable for the survival and development of human beings.

2. Ecological gardens are important measures to improve the urban living environment and maintain ecological balance, so they reflect many characteristics in the process of their construction, such as comprehensive characteristics, public and coordination characteristics, biodiversity and unboundedness.

Landscape ecological design is a continuation of traditional garden design, which is a design method that takes into account the beauty and maintains the harmony of the ecological environment. On the premise of protecting natural energy resources and maintaining the circular process of natural resources, the natural environment should be rationally utilized and transformed.

1. Overview of ecological design of landscape landscape

Ecological design is a kind of artificial ecological widening or environmental design for the purpose of maintaining and coordinating the natural ecology. The ecological concept of the coordinated development of man and nature has gradually infiltrated into the design process, so that designers can treat man and nature as a complete and unified ecosystem when designing, and shape material and energy.

The combination of modern landscape design and ecological design. Landscape architecture is centered on ecological thinking, but it is the ecological significance of design that differentiates the profession of landscape architecture. The first is to emphasize the organization and organization of ecological processes; The second is to emphasize the expression and reproduction of art and beauty.

The concept of ecological design leads designers from the intoxication of beauty, form and superior culture to the attention of nature, and to the relationship between man and nature in other cultures. And eco-design and eco-determinism, which lack cultural meaning and beauty, are lifeless.

Two. The role of ecological design of landscape architecture

1) Protecting the integrity of the ecosystem, which refers to the degree to which the ecosystem maintains its natural state, stability and self-organization ability under external interference, and the integrity of the ecosystem is of great significance to the protection of the ecological environment. Nature has a strong ability of self-sustaining and self-recovery, and landscape ecological design advocates the realization of a virtuous cycle of the ecosystem in accordance with the laws of nature to achieve the restoration and regeneration of resources. Landscape design cleverly explores the appropriate application of design techniques and landscape elements that can reduce environmental impact in the landscape.

2) Protect non-renewable resources, save energy and resource consumption, and the adoption of new technologies in landscape ecological design can often reduce the consumption of energy and resources several times. For example, the rational use of natural processes, the use of light, wind, water and other renewable resources to serve human beings, so as to greatly reduce the consumption of fossil energy. The ecological design of landscape vegetation replaces lawn with woodland and replaces exotic horticultural species with endemic tree species, which can also greatly save energy and resource consumption, including reducing irrigation water, using less or no chemical fertilizers and herbicides, etc.

3) To conform to environmental conditions to create high-quality natural landscapes and cultural landscapes, the ecological design of garden landscape advocates to maintain the basic form and trend of the original topography and landform to the greatest extent, and make clever and reasonable use of natural elevation differences and slopes. Mountains, slopes, barren forests, etc., which have not been developed and transformed, are often difficult to meet the ideal requirements, and the reasonable approach should be: there are scenery with scenery, no scenery to create landscape, use scenery to change scenery, natural landscape and artificial landscape landscape combined, in order to better make the best use of things.

Answer] :(1) Garden plants and solar radiation.

1. The ecological effect of light on garden plants.

1. The ecological role of light quality: 1) Infrared: the reflection of infrared light from plant leaves: broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, and herbivorous insects 2) Ultraviolet: honey-collecting insects, flower color 3) Physiological effective radiation.

2. Light intensity is used for the growth and morphology of plants: 1) seed germination 2) leaves 3) stems 4) tree shape 5) flowering.

2. The adaptation of garden plants to light.

1. Positive plants: Pinus (except Pinus huashanensis and Korean pine), Larch, Metasequoia, Arborvitae, Birch, Eucalyptus, Salix, Populus, Si, Robinia pseudoacacia, Neem, Ginkgo, Chestnut, Sumac, Paulownia, Catalpa, Thornwood, Plane Tree, Walnut, Cinnamon Chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Dandelion, Peony, etc.; general grassland and desert plants; Flowering first and then leafy plants, etc. Loss.

2. Negative tree species: fir, Fujian cypress, spruce, hemlock, coarse quinque, yew, podocarpus, cinnamon, linden, eucalyptus, octagonal golden, ivy, hydrangea, purple nan, boxwood, mosquito mother tree, sea tung, bone, peach leaf coral, purple golden, rhododendron, luoshi, dijin.

3. Neutral shade-tolerant plants: Korean pine, podocarpus, willow, pentagonal maple, Acer truncatum, linli, yueji, camphor, pearl plum, superba, horse chestnut.

2) The relationship between garden plants and temperature.

First, the natural law of temperature change.

1. Spatial variation: (1) latitude and longitude (2) altitude (3) large water body (4) geographical orientation and topography.

2. Time variation: (1) geological time (2) seasonal variation (3) diurnal variation.

2. Temperature cycle phenomenon and ecological effects of temperature change on garden plants: 1. Seed germination 2, plant growth 3, flowering and fruiting 4, and plant product quality.

Garden plants have the ecological role of purifying the air, regulating air humidity, and resisting noise pollution and air pollution. The greening effect of garden plants is strong, and it has the effect of protecting the environment, and plants can produce oxygen and purify waste gases, which can improve air quality. Greening tree species can also be planted in areas such as ecological wetlands and barren mountains, which can protect water and soil.

Garden plants are plants with strong greening effect, including trees, flowers and grass plants, which are planted in garden scenic spots. Garden plants have a strong purification effect, there are more plants, can produce a large amount of oxygen, absorb harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and smoke in the air, and can also resist smoke and dust stains, which can make the air fresher.

Garden plants also have the role of regulating air humidity, and in a dry climate, plants can increase the humidity of the air in the scenic area. When garden plants transpire, they will release water from the leaves into the air in the form of water vapor, which can increase the humidity of the air and prevent the air from being too dry.

The leaves of the plant are able to absorb noise and block sound waves. The sedan chair allows the forest plants to resist noise pollution, which can make the scenic environment quieter and attract tourists to come and watch. Urban noise pollution is very serious, has a great problem to people's lives, green trees planted in the green belt, can resist air pollution, but also block noise pollution.

There are many types of garden plants, such as pines and cypresses. There are also herbaceous plants, such as closed-eye plants such as daffodils and lilies. The trees are beautiful, the flowers are delicate, and the ornamental value is high, which can attract tourists.

Greening tree species can also be planted in wasteland, clearing wasteland for afforestation, and has the effect of protecting water and soil and conserving water sources.