Is Erlitou culture Xia culture?

The Erlitou site is located in Erlitou Village, Yanshi, Luoyang, Henan Province, discovered in 1959, the site is about 3800 3500 years old, which is equivalent to the Xia and Shang periods in Chinese history, and is an important site for exploring the culture of the Xia Dynasty in China. In 1960, archaeologists discovered a large-scale palace foundation site on the upper layer of the Erlitou site, which is the earliest palace foundation site found in China so far.

Since it is located in the Xia and Shang periods in Chinese history, the controversy surrounding it has not stopped since its discovery, and the biggest suspense is: is it the Xia capital or the Shang capital Xi'an. After the end of the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty Project", the view that the main body of Erlitou culture was the remains of the Xia people was gradually accepted by most scholars, and the academic community also tended to believe that Erlitou was the capital of the middle and late Xia Dynasty.

Twenty years ago, when he put forward the view that "the first to fourth periods of Erli are all Xia culture", Zou Heng, a famous archaeologist and professor at Peking University, fought alone, and now, this "heretical theory" is gradually accepted by most scholars. Mr. Zou Heng, who is 80 years old, said, "The existence of Xia is a very serious issue in international academics. The Erlitou site proves the real existence of the Xia Dynasty with facts.

The Erlitou site reflects the emergence of a hierarchical system and hierarchical differentiation in the Xia Dynasty.

Erlitou culture refers to a type of archaeological cultural relics represented by the first to fourth phases of Yanshi Erlitou site in Luoyang City, Henan Province, and is an archaeological culture between Longshan culture in the Central Plains and Hehui Erligang culture. It is an important part of Chinese civilization and was created by the ancestors of the Han nationality. The archaeological culture is mainly distributed in western Henan and central Henan, north to Jinzhong, west to Shaanxi County, Shangzhou area in the upper reaches of the Danjiang River, south to northern Hubei, and east to Kaifeng and Lankao.

The Erlitou culture not only includes the culture of the Erlitou site, but also includes the cultural outlook reflected by hundreds of sites with the cultural characteristics of the Erlitou site outside the Erlitou site. The Erlitou site and the Erlitou culture have become recognized as the key research objects for exploring the Xia culture. It shows that the society at that time entered the period of a "starry sky" type of large-scale royal state from the coexistence of several competing political divination entities.

From the previous diversified state civilization to the integrated king-shaped dynasty civilization.

Summary. The Xia Dynasty played an extremely important role in the exploration of the origins of the early Chinese state. As early as the middle of the 20th century, the famous historian Mr. Fan Wenlan listed the Xia Dynasty as the first dynasty in Chinese history based on the legends in the "Year of the Bamboo Secretary" and the records in the "Historical Records".

In the exploration of the origins of the early Chinese state, the Xia Dynasty played an important role in building a cluster of extremely peaceful sedan chairs. As early as the middle of the 20th century, Mr. Fan Wenlan, a famous historian, listed the Xia Dynasty as the first dynasty in Chinese history based on the legends in the "Year of the Bamboo Secretary" and the records in the "Historical Records".

However, relying solely on documentary materials to study the history of the Xia Dynasty, many problems are difficult, and even impossible to solve. The archaeological discoveries are undoubtedly of great significance to understanding the historical branches and reeds of the Xia Dynasty.

Ernian talks about the head of his hand, an ordinary village on the north bank of the Luo River in Yanshi County, Henan Province, which is famous all over the world because of the heavy discovery of Xia Wen's dispersion. Therefore, the Erlitou site and the Xia capital recorded in the literature are also basically in line with the Tongjue. The archaeological discovery and research of the Erlitou site not only determined the ruins of the capital city in the late Xia Dynasty, but also made the historical position of the Heluo area in the origin, formation and early development of ancient Chinese civilization more prominent.