Chemistry Emperor Jin asks a simple question

Oxidation, a method for judging the strength of reducibility.

1) Judging according to the chemical equation.

1) Oxidant (oxidizing) + reducing agent (reducing) === reducing product + oxidation product.

Oxidants --- reduction products.

Electrons are obtained, the valency decreases, they are reduced, and a reduction reaction occurs.

Reducing agents --- oxidation products.

Electrons are lost, valency increases, is oxidized, and oxidation reactions occur.

Oxidation: Oxidizing agent" oxidation product.

Reducibility: Reducing agent" reducing product.

2) It can be judged according to the oxidant and reducing agent in the same reaction.

Oxidizing: Oxidizing agent" reducing agent.

Reducibility: Reducing agent》 Oxidant.

2) Comparison according to the order of material activity.

1) For metal reducing agents, the reducibility of metal elements is generally consistent with the order of metal activity, that is, the more metal is located behind, the less likely it is to lose electrons, and the weaker the reducibility.

Reducibility: K>Ca>Na>Mg>Al>Mn>Zn>Cr>Fe>Ni>Sn>Pb>(H)>Cu>Ag>PT>AU

2) The order of oxidation of metal cations.

k+mno2>o2

4) Judge according to the valence of oxidation products.

When the reducing agent containing valence elements acts on different oxidants under similar conditions, the oxidation strength of the oxidant can be judged according to the valence state of the oxidation products. Such as:

2Fe+3Cl2== (ignition) 2FeCl3

Fe+S== (heated) Fes

Oxidation: Cl2>s

5) Judging according to the periodic table.

1) Elements of the same main family (from top to bottom).

The oxidation of non-metal atoms (or elementals) gradually decreases, and the corresponding anion reduction gradually increases.

The reducibility of metal atoms gradually increases, and the oxidation of corresponding cations gradually decreases.

2) Synchronous main group elements (from left to right).

The elemental reducibility is gradually enhanced, and the oxidation is gradually enhanced.

The cation oxidation gradually increased, and the anion reduction gradually decreased.

6) Comparison of the acidity and alkalinity of hydrates according to the most ** oxides of the elements.

The more acidic it is, the more oxidizing the corresponding element is.

The stronger the alkalinity, the stronger the reduction of the corresponding element.

7) Judged according to the electrode reaction of the galvanic battery.

Two different metals make up the poles of a galvanic cell. The negative metal is the pole where electrons flow out, and the positive metal is the pole where electrons flow in.

Its reducibility: negative metal》 positive metal.

8) Judged according to the concentration of the substance.

The greater the concentration of an oxidizing (or reducing) substance, the stronger its oxidizing (or reducing) and vice versa.

9) Judge according to the valence state of the element.

Generally speaking, valence elements are only oxidized when they are in the most ** state, only reducing when they are in the lowest valence state, and both oxidizing and reducing when they are in the intermediate valence state. Generally, when it is in the most advanced state, the oxidation is the strongest, and with the decrease of the valency, the oxidation weakens and the reduction is enhanced.

The oxidant gains electrons, and the oxidant is reduced to obtain a reduction product, and the valency is reduced.

The reducing agent loses electrons, and the reducing agent is oxidized to obtain oxidation products, and the valency increases.

The valency increases electron loss of reducing agent and the oxidation products are produced after the reaction.

The valency decreases to obtain electrons of the oxidant reaction and the reduction product is formed.

If the valency of an ion in a compound increases, then the compound is reduced to oxidizing.

Electron loss, valency increases, is a reducing agent, the reducing agent is oxidized, and the corresponding product is an oxidation product.

When electrons are obtained, the valency decreases, it is an oxidant, and the oxidant is reduced, and the corresponding product is a reduction product.

Look at the oxidation or reduction of a compound, and look at the valency.

1.(2) There is a mist of water {small droplets} on the wall of the beaker, and (3) the solution becomes turbid.

Use a burning stick of wood (a stick with sparks is not enough) to stretch into two bottles, extinguishing carbon dioxide, not extinguishing air (2) to pass the gas into the clarified lime water, carbon dioxide gas will make the solution obviously turbid, but no.

4.Fill it with water, then weigh the volume of water, and the result is the volume of the gas collection cylinder.

5.(1) First, fill the gas collection bottle with water, and then pour the water at the designated place and the specified time, and then the air sample in the greenhouse (2) the pump, the balloon (3) at noon, because of photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide released by respiration is converted into oxygen by photosynthesis, so the oxygen content is higher. In the early hours of the morning, there is only respiration, so the carbon dioxide content is higher.

1. (2) There is a water mist on the wall of the beaker (3) The clarified lime water becomes turbid.

2. A3, use a wooden strip with sparks to stretch into two bottles respectively, extinguishing carbon dioxide, and not extinguishing air.

4. Fill it with water, then weigh the volume of water, or weigh the mass and calculate its volume according to the density of water. The result is the volume of the cylinder.

5. (1) This is speechless, if you collect gas, you can open the jar directly. . . If you have to be so advanced, you can use the inverted gas collection method, and a device to collect oxygen and carbon dioxide, but you need to add a pump.

2) Pumps, balloons.

3) Because of photosynthesis at noon, the carbon dioxide released by respiration is converted into oxygen by photosynthesis, so the oxygen content is high. In the early hours of the morning, there is only respiration, so the carbon dioxide content is higher.

I've been doing this for a long time, hope.

There is a mist of water and the clarified limestone becomes cloudy.

aWhen a burning wooden stick is put in, the carbon dioxide is extinguished.

Clarified limestone After pouring it in, the carbon dioxide becomes turbid.

Fill it with water, pour it into a graduated cylinder, read it aloud.

5.(1) Fill the gas collection bottle with water and pour it out after entering the greenhouse.

2) Syringe Suck a syringe.

3) Whatever you say, guess.

1. Colorless droplets appear on the glass wall, and the clarified lime water becomes turbid.

2 a3 with clarified lime water with a lit candle.

4 Fill with water - > water weight - > water volume.