What is the content of Chinese culture? What is the content of Chinese culture?

The so-called national learning, as a noun, has existed since ancient times, referring to the national level school, that is, the ** official school that has appeared since the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, as a concept of Chinese studies in the modern sense, it was formed by some scholars in China around the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, drawing on the achievements of Western learning after the Opium War to study and develop China's inherent academic culture. At that time, China's national situation was declining, and Western studies were introduced, and Western studies were a strong culture.

By extension, Sinology is the traditional academic culture of China in the eyes of today. Sinology can be understood as a study that refers to Western scholarship to study and interpret Confucianism as the main body, including Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and various schools of Chinese traditional culture and scholarship. Therefore, it also has the factor of referring to and absorbing Western studies, but its main connotation refers to traditional Chinese academic culture, including philosophy, classics, literature, history, political science, ethics, military science, natural science, primary school (writing, phonology, exegesis), as well as religion, art, and so on.

Since Chinese traditional culture is based on Confucianism as the mainstream of development, Chinese culture is also based on Confucianism as its main connotation. Generally speaking, Sinology is a unique culture in China, "Guo" refers to China, and Sinology refers to China's inherent culture that has been handed down from ancient China, which is broad and profound. This range is relatively large, the Four Books and Five Classics are Chinese studies, and the clothing tea ceremony is not Chinese culture?

It also includes aspects such as etiquette and morality, which are unique to China. There are also four parts of the classification method: classics, history, sub-studies, and sets to define the content of Chinese studies.

Since Sinology is a traditional Chinese culture, it has both the essence and the dross, and we must "eliminate the dross of its feudal nature and absorb the essence of its democratic nature" (***: "On New Democracy"). The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation belongs to the essence of traditional Chinese culture, and we should absorb it.

But it should also keep pace with the times and continue to innovate and develop with the times.

Some scholars believe that although Sinology encompasses a wide range of aspects, Sinology, as in the past, still takes philosophy and humanistic spirit as its soul. There are also people who regard Chinese culture as a study corresponding to and related to modern Neo-Confucianism, that is, modern Neo-Confucianism focuses on righteousness and philosophy, and takes the Song and Ming Dynasty science, especially the study of the mind, as the source of living water, and aids Western learning into Confucianism; Sinology, on the other hand, focuses on exegesis and evidence, inherits the tradition of developing Sinology, and adheres to local consciousness.

Sinology is the academic inherent in a country. The meaning of Chinese culture and literature and mathematics is different, and it is not the study of the state or the study of statecraft. Generally speaking, Sinology refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body.

Sinology is a traditional Chinese culture and academic, including medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics and so on. Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, evidence, ethics, editions, etc., among which Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; In terms of ideology, it should be divided into the pre-Qin Zhuzi, Confucianism, Taoism, and interpretation, etc., and the Chinese culture should be divided into four parts: classics, history, children, and collections, and the master of Chinese culture Zhang Taiyan's "Lectures on Chinese Studies" is divided into primary schools, scriptures, history, Zhuzi and literature.

Guoxue refers to ancient Chinese doctrines. Among them are the sons of the pre-Qin dynasty. The ideas and theories of the pre-Qin princes had a profound impact on traditional Chinese culture.

The idea of soldiers and the idea of legalism has been formed. and Mohist thought. Confucianism.

Taoist thought. There are different aspects of these clusters of thought. Discuss how to govern the country.

End the war. It has had a profound impact on the rulers of all dynasties. Slowly formed the concept of traditional Chinese culture.

What is Chinese Studies? First of all, it should be "the culmination of a country's academics", China's national studies mainly refer to the traditional academic works designed by important classics in classical literature, it includes philosophy, history, religion, literature, natural science and sociology and other schools, theories and ideas that do not understand the historical period, it has a relatively distinct national stance and emotional tendency, and almost represents the dominant cultural spirit and value form of each period.

The definition recognized by the academic community is a general term for traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. The classics of Chinese culture refer to the more authoritative and exemplary treatises in traditional Chinese culture.

The content covered by the classics of Chinese culture can be said to be very extensive, and some of the more representative classics of Chinese culture can be cited:

1. The scriptures are represented by Confucian classics, which are divided into: poems, books, rites, Yi, Spring and Autumn, filial piety, four books, music, etc.

2. The main bibliography of the historical works of the Department of History includes "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Warring States Policy", etc.

3. The sub-section is the Hundred Schools of Thought and the Religious Works of Buddhism, and the main bibliography includes "Laozi", "Mozi", "Zhuangzi", "Xunzi", "Han Feizi", "Guanzi" and so on.

4. The collection is a hundred schools of thought and art, and the main bibliography includes "Chu Ci", "All Tang Poems", "All Song Ci", "Yuefu Poetry Collection" and so on.

So what is traditional culture? It generally refers to the long history and splendid culture created by China for 5,000 years, among which Tang poetry, Song Ci, Han Fu, Yuan Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Romance **, etc. are representatives, which still have strong vitality for contemporary readers and have become a precious spiritual wealth that our entire nation respects and cherishes. Traditional culture not only embodies our nation's language habits, thinking concepts, emotional identity and customs system, but also contains the moral norms, ideological character and value orientation that are universally recognized and widely accepted by the people, so it has always played a subtle role in the cultivation of national quality.

With the continuous globalization of the world economy, China's status in the international community is getting higher and higher, at this time, in the face of the spread of strong Western culture and the struggle for the right to speak, the revival of traditional culture, the autonomy of cultural development, the reconstruction of national cultural self-confidence and the exploration of the charm of traditional cultural classics have begun to become the general recognition and spiritual demand of the domestic academic circles. Therefore, the inheritance of traditional culture and the dissemination of Chinese classics have important cultural value for the early enlightenment of individuals and families, as well as the cultivation of personal moral cultivation and patriotic complexes. This is also the core factor of the craze for Chinese studies in today's society.

Sinology refers to the cultural inheritance and academic records of the Chinese dynasties.

Including ancient Chinese history, philosophy, geography, politics, economics and even calligraphy and painting, Yixue, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc.

Sinology is based on the pre-Qin classics and the hundred schools of thought of Zhuzi, which covers a complete set of cultural and academic systems such as the two Han classics, Wei and Jin metaphysics, Sui and Tang Buddhism, Song and Ming Dynasty science, Ming and Qing dynasty realism, and the pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, Six Dynasties Punwen, Tang and Song poetry, Yuan Qu and Ming and Qing dynasties, and the historiography of the past dynasties.

The meaning of Chinese culture

Nowadays, the general term "Chinese studies" refers to all kinds of cultural scholarship based on the pre-Qin classics and Zhuzi studies and covering all later dynasties. Therefore, in a broad sense, ancient Chinese and modern culture and scholarship, including ancient Chinese history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, and even calligraphy and painting, Yixue, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc., are all categories involved in Chinese studies.

The name of "Chinese Studies" is the beginning of the Qing Dynasty and the end of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, European and American scholarship entered China, called "new learning", "Western learning", etc., in contrast, people collectively referred to China's inherent learning as "old learning", "middle school" or "national learning". Sinology can also refer to ancient Chinese doctrines.

Among them, the representatives are the pre-Qin princes, whose ideas and theories have had a profound impact on traditional Chinese culture.

They formed the ideas of Bingjia, Legalism, Mohism, Confucianism and Taoism. These ideas deal with how to govern the country in a variety of different ways. It has had a profound impact on the rulers of all dynasties, and slowly formed the traditional Chinese cultural concept.

As far as the concept of Chinese culture is concerned: ancient Chinese history, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, and even calligraphy and painting, Yixue, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc. all belong to the category of Chinese culture. No matter what kind of discipline it is, it can be like a big tree, extending a lot of knowledge from the smallest branches.

According to the division of the "Four Library Books", it can be divided into four parts: classics, history, children, and collections.

According to Zhang Taiyan's "Lectures on Chinese Studies", it can be divided into five parts: primary school, classics, history, Zhuzi and literature.

The Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicle divides the bibliography into six parts: Six Arts, Zhuzi, Poetry, Military Books, Shushu, and Fang Techniques.

The six arts generally include "Poetry", "Books", "Rites", "Music", "Yi", and "Spring and Autumn".

Zhuzi refers to the thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism, Law, Yin and Yang, Name, Ink, Miscellaneous, Zonghengjia and other hundred schools of thought.

Poetry refers to a literary genre.

The Book of War refers to the classics of the military family.

Shushu refers to astronomy, calendar, five elements, divination, feng shui and other practical ones.

Fang Ji refers to medicine, health preservation, and so on.

The culture of Chinese culture is broad and profound, which is the root of our survival, development and innovation, and the inheritance and development is the mission of our generation.

Sinology refers to the knowledge and knowledge system in traditional Chinese culture, including language, literature, history, philosophy, religion, art, etiquette, morality, politics, economy, military, geography and other aspects.

Specifically, the content of Chinese culture includes the following aspects:

1.Chinese: Knowledge of Chinese characters, words, sentences, rhetoric, prosody, stylistic style, etc., is the foundation of Chinese culture.

3.History: Includes knowledge of the timeline, dynasties, people, events, politics, economy, and culture of Chinese history.

4.Philosophy: including knowledge of ancient Chinese philosophical thoughts, theories, classics, schools, etc.

5.Religion: including knowledge of ancient Chinese religious beliefs, myths, legends, and sacrifices in traditional culture.

6.Art: including the appreciation and learning of traditional Chinese art forms, such as **, dance, opera, painting, etc.

7.Etiquette: including knowledge of ancient Chinese etiquette system, social etiquette, family etiquette, etc.

8.Morality: including knowledge of traditional Chinese moral concepts, moral standards, and moral cultivation.

9.Politics: including knowledge of ancient Chinese political system, political theory, political culture, etc.

10.Economy: including knowledge of ancient China's economic development process, business culture, economic thought, etc.

11.Military: including knowledge of ancient Chinese military systems, war strategies, equipment, etc.

12.Geography: including knowledge of ancient Chinese geography, geographical environment, geography and culture.

In short, Sinology is the essence of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, an important part of Chinese culture, and is of great significance for understanding and inheriting traditional Chinese culture.

If you want to learn Chinese culture, in fact, there are eight classics in the core ideological content of Chinese culture.

I Ching, medicine, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, soldiers, columnists, and legalists.

1 The Book of Changes is known as the source of Chinese culture, and what we are familiar with now is the "Zhou Yi". Zhou Yi is divided into two parts: "The Department of Classics" and "The Department of Biography". "Biography" is written by Lao Tzu, a total of ten articles, also known as ten wings.

2. Confucianism, Confucian classics "Four Books and Five Classics", "University", "The Mean", "Mencius" and "Analects"; "Book of Songs", "Book of Songs", "Zhou Li", "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn".

3 Buddhism, Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty. Buddhism says: how to get rid of suffering and be happy. The suffering caused by birth, old age, sickness and death, the suffering caused by emotions such as fear, anger, and worry. Whether it is the Heart Sutra, the Diamond Sutra or the Altar Sutra, it is all for us to awaken and become Buddhas.

4 Taoism, the representative figure is the well-known Lao Tzu, Zhuangzi (formerly known as Zhuang Zhou). The representative works are the well-known "Tao Te Ching" and "Zhuangzi".

5. A doctor is a Chinese medicine practitioner. Today, many people have a misunderstanding of Chinese medicine, thinking that it is simple acupuncture, cupping, massage, and traditional Chinese medicine. Actually, this is only a small part.

Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the prevention of disease, that is, how not to get sick. There is a very classic book in traditional Chinese medicine, "The Yellow Emperor's Neijing", which must be read for learning Chinese medicine and health preservation. If you understand yin and yang, the five elements, and the gossip, you will know how to maintain real health.

6 Zonghengjia, which is the Guiguzi we are familiar with, his students Su Qin and Zhang Yi are very familiar to us. In fact, "Guiguzi" teaches us the ability to recognize and employ people, persuade speeches, and integrate resources.

7 soldiers, we are familiar with the Art of War.

8 Legalists, "Guanzi", "Shangjun Book", "Han Feizi". Confucianism relies on morality to restrain people, while Legalism uses laws and mechanisms to manage people.

Confucius said: When you learn, you learn it, and you don't say it.

The most important thing for us to learn Chinese culture is to use it. Use it in your own work life. So choose to study according to your needs.

Sinology in a broad sense refers to ancient Chinese culture and scholarship, including ancient Chinese history, philosophy, geography, politics, economics, calligraphy and painting, Yixue, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc. In the narrow sense, Chinese culture refers to ancient Chinese doctrines, which are represented by the thoughts and doctrines of the pre-Qin princes, including Confucianism, Taoism, Bingjia, Legalism, Mohism, etc. Sinology is based on the pre-Qin classics and the hundred schools of thought of Zhuzi, which covers a complete set of cultural and academic systems such as the classics of the two Han Dynasty, the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Taoism of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the science of the Song and Ming dynasties, the practical studies of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the pre-Qin poetry, the Han Fu, the six dynasties, the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, the Yuan qu and the Ming and Qing dynasties.

In Chinese history, "Guoxue" refers to the official school headed by "Guozijian", and since the "Western study has spread eastward", it has generally referred to "traditional Chinese ideological and cultural scholarship" compared to Western learning.