How is thunder formed? How is Thunder formed? How does thunder come about?

The sound wave degenerated by the shock wave generated by the rapid expansion of the lightning channel is manifested as a rumbling sound that accompanies the lightning phenomenon.

Due to the narrowness of the lightning channel, too much current passes through, which makes the column of air in the lightning channel burn to a white heat and glow, and causes the surrounding air to be heated and suddenly expand, in which the cloud droplets will also suddenly vaporize and expand due to high heat, resulting in a loud thunder.

Thunder is noise caused by the friction of clouds, lightning is sparks caused by friction of clouds, and precipitation is the friction, collision or overturning of clouds that cause the moisture in their upper part to lose support.

Cumulonimbus clouds usually produce an electric charge, with a negative charge at the bottom and a positive charge at the top, and a positive charge on the ground, which follows the clouds like a shadow. Positive and negative charges attract each other, but air is not a good conductor. Positive charges run toward trees, hills, the tops of tall buildings, and even on top of the human body, in an attempt to meet negatively charged clouds; The negatively charged branch-like antennae extend downwards and get closer to the ground as they go downward.

Finally, the positive and negative charges finally overcome the air barrier and connect. A huge electric current surged from the ground to the clouds along a conductive airway, producing a bright and dazzling flash. The length of a lightning bolt may be only a few hundred meters (the shortest is 100 meters), but it can be several kilometers long.

The temperature of lightning varies from 17,000 degrees Celsius to 28,000 degrees Celsius, which is equal to 3.5 times the surface temperature of the sun. The extreme heat of the lightning caused the air to expand violently along its path. The air moves quickly, so waves are formed and sound is made.

Relative motion, followed by impact.

It's a massive discharge in the sky!

It is the phenomenon of electrical discharge in the atmosphere.

Seconds after the lightning strikes, the shock wave evolves into a sound wave, which is what we hear as thunder.

Along with the lightning came the rumbling of thunder. As it sounds, thunder can be divided into many kinds. The thunder that is as fast and powerful as ** is called "explosive thunder"; There is also a kind of thunder that lasts for a long time, a bit like the sound made when grinding, called "pulling thunder".

The so-called explosion of thunder is generally the sound made by the clouds at the moment of ionization of the ground. In this case, the observer hears thunder almost immediately after seeing the lightning; Sometimes thunder is heard at the same time as the lightning. Because of its high energy, the ** wave it produces is very fast, so it sounds like **.

Thunder and lightning are caused by the high ground in summer, and the evaporation of water produces a strong upward air flow containing a large amount of vapor, which causes the ice crystals in the clouds to collide and move in a complex manner.

Thunder is a natural phenomenon of electrical discharge in the atmosphere.

Before the rain, the air tends to be humid and the clouds are thickerAt this time, the positive and negative charges enriched in the atmosphere and clouds are neutralized, resulting in an instantaneous release of a large amount of heat, which is often manifested in the form of light. After the surrounding air is heated instantaneously, it heats up and expands rapidly, and pushes the surrounding air, causing the air to vibrate, which is the formation process of lightning and thunder. In rainy days, the clouds are large and low, and lightning may spread to the ground, so to prevent lightning strikes, lightning protection facilities should be installed according to the specifications, and do not avoid good conductors or wet outdoor places, so as to ensure the safety of building property and personal safety.

Meteorologically speaking, in order for lightning to occur, there must first be sufficient water vapor.

Secondly, there must be a power to make the moist air rise, and the air must be able to produce violent convective movements. With convection, the cloud moves up and down, and the ice crystals in the cloud rub against each other to gradually increase the electric charge. The different charge zones inside the cloud, between the clouds and between the clouds and the ground form a huge potential difference, and when it reaches a certain intensity, the discharge phenomenon will occur, which is the lightning phenomenon we usually see.

During the discharge, due to the sudden increase in temperature in the lightning channel, the volume of air expands dramatically, resulting in a shock wave that causes a strong thunderclap. Therefore, as long as these conditions can be met, it is possible to strike lightning at any time in any season.

When it rains, the clouds are thick and the air is humid.

When there is an inductive object on the ground that induces a negative chargeThe positive and negative charges attract each other, and the positive charge group in the downward pilot continues to approach the induced object on the ground, and then the ground induced object becomes stronger and stronger, which will also produce the upward leader of the plasma and the positive charge groupThunder occurs when the potential difference between the positive charge clusters of the two leaders is large enough to penetrate the air gap between the two, and thunder is heard and lightning is seen. After the air breakdown, the two positive charge clusters cannot be self-sustaining due to the lack of ionized air, and the positive charge groups recombine with the surrounding electrons, thus emitting light and heat, so that thunder and lightning are produced.

Thunder is generally generated in the cumulonimbus clouds with strong convection development, the distribution of charges in the clouds is more complex, there are both positive and negative charges, the positive charge and the negative charge form a potential difference, when the potential difference reaches a certain level, it will produce a discharge, mixed together with a huge sound, that is, the thunder we hear.

Thunder is formed by the mutual attraction of positive and negative charges between clouds and the earth and the huge friction between the atmosphere. In the process of thunder rubbing against the atmosphere, it will produce a high temperature state, and it will also expand rapidly, and finally there will be a very loud noise, then this is thunder.

How is Thunder formed? How does thunder come about? Thunder is caused by the friction of positive and negative charges between clouds and clouds in the atmosphere to produce violent discharge, produce high temperatures, make the atmosphere expand sharply, and produce a deafening loud sound, which is lightning and thunder.

If the amount of charge becomes strong enough, lightning will occur. When lightning crosses the sky, it can quickly warm up the air along its path. The heated air expands rapidly and rushes in all directions as violently as it happens.

This causes a huge sound wave. "Thunder is a phenomenon in which positive and negative charges between clouds and between clouds and the earth attract each other, creating a huge friction force with the atmosphere. In the process of rubbing against the atmosphere, it causes the atmosphere to produce high temperatures and expand rapidly, and finally produces a loud sound, which is often heard as thunder. ”

It is because there is negative electricity under the cumulonimbus cloud and positive electricity on the ground, so in this case, an electric current is generated, and there is a huge sensational sound, and the sound is also due to the rapid expansion of the surrounding air, so there is a thunder.

Thunder is caused by the collision of two dark clouds with violent movements, so it is formed by the sound of water and other atoms in the clouds colliding.

1. Rumbling thunder.

2. Distant thunder.

3. Loud thunder.

4. Terrifying thunder.

5. Dull thunder.

Thunder is a striking natural phenomenon, and it is usually a noisy sound of spike keys produced by the rise and leakage after a lightning explosion. So, how exactly is thunder formed?

Charge separation. In the process of forming thunder, charge separation is first required. As clouds rise, the water vapor cools into water droplets, which then form clouds along with gases and guessing particles in the air.

Inside the cloud, ice particles form polar molecules. This process is the separation of charges, where the positive charge is distributed at the top of the cloud and the negative charge is distributed at the bottom of the cloud.

Lightning discharge. Due to the separation of charges, the potential difference in the clouds becomes large at this time. This is the precursor to lightning discharge, and when the electric field strength reaches a certain level, a large current conduit between the cloud and the ground is formed.

In this process, an electric current flows through this pipe instantaneously at a speed of several kilometers per second. Because the electric current is accompanied by strong electromagnetic waves, there is a loud bang when lightning is formed.

Seismic wave spread. When lightning occurs at a great distance from the observer, the sound waves it produces are spread in the air. Since sound waves are transmitted through the interaction between gas and air molecules, molecules with different speeds of sound produce different sounds.

At the same time, because sound encounters obstacles in its propagation, it is also reflected and refracted by it. All of these processes eventually result in different levels of intensity and frequency of sound heard by the observer.

Topographic influences.

In addition to the interaction between air molecules and air molecules, the morphology and topography of the ground itself can also affect the propagation of thunder. For example, the sound in the valley is clearer than the sound on the top of a mountain because the valley captures and amplifies the sound. In addition, a large body of water can also allow sound to travel more easily, as water is denser than air.

Summary. In summary, thunder is formed by a combination of factors such as charge separation, lightning discharge, sound wave propagation, and topography. These factors provide humanity with the opportunity to appreciate this spectacular natural phenomenon.

The generation of lightning.

When dust, ice crystals and other substances in the air tumble and move in the clouds, they go through some complex processes to make these substances carry positive and negative charges respectively. After movement, a heavier substance with the same charge will reach the lower part of the cloud (usually negative), and a lighter mass with the same charge will reach the upper part of the cloud (usually a positive charge).In this way, the convergence of homogeneous charges forms some charged centers, and when the air between the charged centers of the opposite sex is broken down by its strong electric field, a "cloud discharge" (i.e., lightning) is formed

With the gradual enhancement of the electric field, the thundercloud forms a downward pilot, and the objects on the ground form an upward flash, and the two meet to form a discharge to the groundThis can easily cause lightning disasters.

Thunder and lightning are formed during atmospheric motion, which is caused by the violent frictional electricity generated during atmospheric motion and the cutting of magnetic field lines by clouds.

The most common shape of lightning is dendritic, in addition to balls, sheets, bands. The forms of lightning include cloudy lightning, inter-cloud lightning, and cloud-to-ground lightning. When lightning strikes between clouds, the friction between clouds forms thunder.

1. How lightning is formed.

Have you ever noticed that when you take off your sweater at night in winter, the sweater will generate electric sparks due to friction? Lightning is a large-scale electrical discharge caused by a large number of positive and negative charges in clouds.

2. How thunder is generated.

Sound is produced due to the vibration of the object, there must be vibration when there is sound, and thunder is produced by the violent vibration of the air caused by discharge.

3. Why does the thunder continue?

Thunder is transmitted through the air, and in the process of propagation, the sound will be reflected many times by mountains, tall buildings, clouds, and the ground to produce echoes many times, and this is how continuous thunder is generated.

4. Why do you always see lightning first and then hear thunder?

In fact, lightning and thunder occur at the same time, because light travels much faster in the air than sound.

5. Why are objects on the ground struck by lightning when thunder?

Normally, air is an insulator, and when lightning occurs, the voltage generated is as high as hundreds of millions of volts, and the air will be ionized and conductive under the action of high voltage, so tall objects in the discharge area are often struck by lightning.

6. Why do trees explode when they are struck by lightning?

When a tree is struck by lightning, the current in the tree is very large, and a large amount of heat is generated, which causes the water temperature in the tree to rise rapidly and vaporize, turning into high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, and the gas expands to do work, thus blowing the tree apart. From the perspective of energy conversion, this is the process of converting electrical energy into internal energy, and internal energy into mechanical energy.