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slandering the government with the past and not the present, and slandering the government with private learning.
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There are two ways to say this:
1.It is recorded in the text of "Zizhi Tongjian" that the purpose of the Qin Dynasty's prime minister Li Siti's sedan chair arguing for burning books and pit Confucianism was because the Qin Dynasty at that time had unified the six countries and achieved great unification. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was no longer any need for the various theories that were contended by a hundred schools of thought, and if they continued to exist, they might shut up and cause social unrest.
Although it is only the personal opinion of the author of this book, it is also one of the reasons why Li Si proposed to burn books and pit Confucianism;
2.Qin founded the country with "law", and the Legalist idea was simply to militarize the country, and the Legalists hoped that the country would have only two kinds of people, peasants and warriors. At that time, the hundred schools of thought discussed their own affairs, and the thinking was not unified and it was not easy to manage, so it was necessary to burn books and let the people take officials as teachers.
Legalists just feel that "Confucianism messes with the law with literature, and chivalry violates the prohibition with martial arts", so these ideas should be banned.
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The book-burning pit took place during the Qin Dynasty in ancient China. In the 34th year of the reign of Qin Shi Huang (213 BC), the doctor Qi Ren Chun Yuyue opposed the "county system" implemented at that time, and demanded that the children be divided according to the ancient system. Prime Minister Li Si refuted it and advocated prohibiting the common people from slandering the government with private learning.
Qin Shi Huang adopted Li Si's suggestion and ordered the burning of the historical records of the nations other than the "Records of Qin", and handed over and burned the private collection of "poems" and "books" that did not belong to the Doctor's Museum within a time limit; There are those who dare to talk about the execution of "poems" and "books", and the extermination of the race in the past and not in the present; Private learning is prohibited, and those who want to learn the laws and regulations must be taught by officials. This is called "book burning".
In the second year, two warlocks (Shu Tongshu, the warlock is Shu Shi, taken from "Shu but not do", that is, Confucianism, see Liu Xiang's "Shuo Yuan" "Pit and Kill Confucianism", and also see Tang Lu Deming's "Classic Commentary": Shu Yi Zuo Shu) Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng, secretly slandered Qin Shi Huang and went away. When Qin Shi Huang learned of this, he was furious and sent the imperial historian to investigate, and after the trial, more than 460 people who had violated the ban were killed.
This is called "Confucianism". The two things are combined into "book burning and pit Confucianism".
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To put it simply. In an era when transportation and communication are not developed, in order to rule a large unified country, then it is necessary to adopt the means of great unification. That is to say, starting from the political, economic, and cultural aspects, to unify the whole country under one political power, one economic system, and one cultural ideology.
The destruction of the six countries, the abolition of the division of feuds, and the establishment of counties and counties are the great unification of the political aspect and the unification of weights and measures, and this is the great unification of the economic aspect.
Unifying the written language, burning books and pit Confucianism, taking the law as the teaching and the officials as the teacher, this is the great unification of culture.
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The ideology is confused, Confucianism, Legalism, soldiers, and Mohists go their own way, and the people are at a loss.
Qin Shi Huang was disgusted with Confucianism and scholars discussing the government, so he burned books to pit Confucianism.
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Because Confucianism did not conform to the ruling policy of the Qin Dynasty, the dominant policy of the Qin Dynasty was Legalism.
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Each country has different cultures, coins, rails, measurements, etc., and in order to strengthen its rule, it is necessary to unify it.
At that time, the Qin Dynasty had just unified the six countries, and there were still many patriots from all over the world who had the heart to restore the country, and basically all of them were Confucians. After all, the war was finally over, and the peasants would not have had the consciousness to restore the motherland. Therefore, in order to maintain the rule of the Qin Dynasty, we must first kill this group of Confucian students.
On the one hand, there are fewer people with knowledge, and there are naturally fewer people who oppose it, and on the other hand, it also plays a role in killing chickens and monkeys.
To maintain the rule, the most important thing is not to go wrong ideologically. Strengthening ideological imprisonment was an inevitable choice for the feudal dynasty. This move is similar to the Han Dynasty's "depose the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone" and the Ming Dynasty's "Eight Strands".
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Because he mainly wanted the Legalists to occupy an absolute advantage at that time, in addition, Qin Shi Huang also pit Fang Shi Huang at that time, not ordinary Confucian scholars, these Fang Shi Huang deceived Qin Shi Huang that there was an elixir, and finally Qin Shi Huang discovered it and was dealt with by Qin Shi Huang, so the reason for what he said was very complicated.
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In fact, Qin Shi Huang's book burning pit Confucianism is not Confucianism, nor is it a Confucian book, the real book burning pit Confucianism refers to Qin Shi Huang, because of the way he deceived himself, and the way of extermination.
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Hello, the purpose of Li Si's plan to burn books and pit Confucianism is to unify political thought.
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There's actually a simple temporal logic here.
For example, after the founding of the Han Dynasty, Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Jing; They all govern the world with the study of Huang Laozhi - that is to say, most of the officials believe in Taoist doctrine until the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu proposed the three strategies of heaven and man.
That is to say, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began, a large number of ** were replaced by Confucian students, what does this mean? This means that before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was not the meaning we understand now.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Confucianism" slowly became what we understand now - Confucianism ——— Confucianism - the original meaning is not Confucianism, but - sorcerers (sacrifices), warlocks (divination, alchemy) burning books and pit Confucianism - obviously, it is definitely what happened before the establishment of the Han Dynasty - Confucianism: sorcerers, warlocks burning books - it is easy to understand - what is burned is the books of various countries that are not conducive to Qin's unification of thought--There is no limit to schools, just look at whether there are slanderous and hateful remarks in this book.
There is a theory that the monks were killed (because Qin Shi Huang was deceived by the scholars) - I prefer another version: the sorcerers of the countries were killed (because at that time, the continuation of the fortunes of the country required the prayers of the sorcerers) to cut off the foundation for the restoration of the countries on the issue of ancestor worship.
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In fact, I very much doubt that it was Li Si himself who thought of burning books to pit Confucianism or Qin Shi Huang hinting that Li Si wanted to burn books and pit Confucianism. After all, although Confucianism did not have such an important position as later generations, Confucianism was also an indispensable force. And it is worth mentioning that Li Si himself was born in Confucianism, but Li Si also studied the Legalist school, so Li Si can be regarded as half a Confucian.
Under normal circumstances, if it were not for the very intuitive linkage of interests, Li Si would not have made a proposal to Qin Shi Huang to burn books and pit Confucianism.
I think there are still some reasons why Li Si wanted to write like this, otherwise I don't think Li Si would have proposed this kind of suggestion to Qin Shi Huang. After all, Qin Shi Huang proposed this kind of thing, and he proposed it is completely two different concepts. Qin Shi Huang put it forward was his own decision Qin Shi Huang, and this suggestion was put forward by Li Si, and this black pot had to be carried by Li Si.
In fact, I think Qin Shi Huang also has a good reason for doing this, after all, who else will carry the black pot if his subordinates don't carry it? It's a pity that our later generations often only remember the book burning pit Confucianism during the Qin Shi Huang period, but few people remember who proposed this, so Qin Shi Huang was infamous for burning books and pit Confucianism.
In fact, although this suggestion was put forward by Li Si, I think there must still be the influence of Qin Shi Huang in it. After all, Li Si must know what the result would be if he really went to the book and Qin Shi Huang really did this, and Li Si would be tantamount to betraying his own school and being despised by the world. But Li Si can't help it, I think if he doesn't bring it up, then someone else will definitely bring it up.
It's just that Li Si's status may be gone, so for the sake of his own interests, Li Si will definitely give his boss, Qin Shi Huang, the black cauldron. After all, the subordinates carry the black cauldron for the boss, and the more black cauldrons, the more the subordinate is reused by the boss, so Li Si can have such a status because of Qin Shihuang's trust. Li Si proposed to burn books and pit Confucianism, I think this still has the influence of Qin Shi Huang, and it may even be that it was at the signal of Qin Shi Huang that Li Si said this.
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Li Si suggested that Qin Shi Huang burn books and pit Confucianism, which is actually a step backwards in history to put it bluntly, and it is a complete attempt to blockade the idea.
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Li Si also came up with this last resort for Qin Shi Huang to better rule the country, I think Li Si didn't want to burn books in his heart, because he knew that doing so would have a huge impact on culture, but he couldn't help it, he, as the prime minister of Qin Shi Huang, could only make such a suggestion.
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To be honest, I don't think Qin Shi Huang did anything wrong, according to research, more than 400 Confucian scholars killed by Qin Shi Huang back then were mostly abducted and deceived by wandering scholars, and the books he ordered to be burned were all demagogic books. The matter of burning books and pit Confucianism is actually exaggerated historical influence!
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Qin Shi Huang was afraid that someone could surpass him, so he burned books and burned a large number of books on medicine, agriculture and animal husbandry, which actually greatly weakened the cultural progress of the time and was an undesirable practice.
If there is no Reese, Qin Shi Huang can still unify the world, because Qin Shi Huang is a very powerful person, and he does not rely on Li Si to unify the world.
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