The difference between Chinese, Japanese and European gardens, and what is a European style garden

First of all, the Chinese and Japanese gardens pay attention to advocating nature, although made by people, like the opening of the sky, my personal understanding is that the Chinese style is supplemented by the main forest water, and the forest rockery is dotted with a trickle of water veins, integrating a school of Chinese garden exquisite technology, borrowing the scene, the scene, the frame scene, the obstacle scene, etc., and the Japanese garden is the main scene of the water flow, although the water feature is not big, but it is the soul of the whole garden, showing a leisurely, unstained to bring people a sense of comfort.

Finally, the European-style garden is different from the biggest point of the Chinese and Japanese style, in the geometric garden with it as a standard, its expression is actually to control nature, beyond nature, the garden style is mostly symmetrical geometric form, giving people a neat, elegant feeling, the content is not much to summarize by yourself, roughly that's it.

European-style gardens can be divided into natural and regular. The representative of the natural style is the British natural garden, which is characterized by the original ecology, simplicity and generosity; The plants are not too artificially pruned, and the configuration is mostly natural community, which is related to the laid-back and casual life attitude of the British. The Palace of Versailles in France is a typical regular garden, which is characterized by clear axes, geometric divisions, and pruned plants; It gives a sense of grandeur and grandeur, which is related to the period during the formation of the French garden style (the period of the Industrial Revolution).

Germany is a terrace-style garden, and its style is similar to that of France, but Germany is mostly mountainous, and in order to adapt to the change of terrain, a terrace-style garden was formed.

The Chinese garden can be summarized by Hao Xingchang as a natural landscape garden with a sullen feeling, emphasizing poetry and painting, allegorical in the scene, touching the scene and blending the scene; Its landscaping means are mountain-building, stacking stones, and water management, and you can feel the charm of natural landscapes in a small environment. Chinese gardens can be divided into southern gardens and northern gardens. There is a lot of water in the south, the style is fresh and elegant, and most of them are private gardens, such as Suzhou Net Lion Garden and Shanghai Yu Garden.

The north is mostly royal gardens, majestic, colorful, showing the royal majesty, representing the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City in Beijing.

Japanese gardens are heavily influenced by Chinese gardens, and there are many similarities between the two. However, after a long period of Japanese historical filtering and digestion, it has gradually formed a garden art with Japanese cultural characteristics.

Both Chinese and Japanese classical gardens belong to the Oriental garden system of the world's three major gardening systems (Oriental gardens represented by China, West Asia, and Europe). Japanese gardens were developed under the direct influence of Chinese gardens, and to some extent, it can be said that it is the embodiment of ancient Chinese civilization in Japanese gardens. However, in the process of being influenced and infiltrated by Chinese culture for a long time, Japan has also been filtered and digested by its own history, and gradually formed a garden art with Japanese cultural characteristics.

First of all, Chinese and Japanese gardens can be divided into royal gardens, private gardens and religious gardens according to their types. China has a bias towards royal and private gardens, with religious gardens being the weakest; Japan, on the other hand, focuses on temples and private gardens. China's religious gardens are the least obvious in personality, and most of them are Buddhist temple gardens and Taoist Taoist gardens.

Japan's religious gardens are independent of royal and private gardens, and their style is obvious, with a strong sense of Zen and Buddha. Relying on the garden itself to shape the image and atmosphere of religious gardens is different from Chinese religious gardens.

Second, from the perspective of layout, the gardens of China and Japan are both natural landscape gardens. However, Chinese gardens tend to be mountainous, while Japanese gardens are watery. There must be mountains in the Chinese garden, but there must be no islands in the garden, and there must be islands in the Japanese garden.

The axis of Chinese gardens is obvious and the visual center is stronger, while the axis of Japanese gardens is weaker and the sense of plane center is stronger.

Third, from the perspective of the relationship between heaven and man, Chinese and Japanese gardens are jointly positioned in the landscape garden, but there are differences between the two, the Chinese landscape garden is biased towards the "human type", while the Japanese garden is biased towards the "heavenly type".

Fourth, from the perspective of the artistic conception of the garden, the Chinese garden is "Chongwen", while the Japanese garden is "martial".

Finally, from the point of view of the way of touring, the gardens of China and Japan have both dynamic and contemplation. Chinese gardens are mainly based on dynamic view, supplemented by contemplation. The Japanese real landscape garden is dominated by dynamic view, while the dry landscape garden and tea garden are mainly contemplative, and the garden that combines the three is a combination of dynamic and static.

Chinese gardens are mainly touring type, while Japanese gardens are mainly boat tours.

Chinese gardens and Japanese gardens are different from each other in terms of starting point and have different backgrounds.

The idea of Japanese gardens was born out of the combination of Buddhist culture and local Shinto culture brought back to Japan by Tang envoys during the Heian period, and you know that the dry landscape (also known as Zen landscape) is based on the concept of Buddhism. Japan's own religion is Shintoism, which is based on reverence for nature, so when they create gardens, they try not to change the original appearance of plants and natural landscapes, and then combine the blank space and winding paths of Zen Buddhism, so they will have a sense of nature with people.

But to put it bluntly, both Chinese and Japanese gardens are the product of artificial chiseling, and there is no comparison from the perspective of nature.