The origin of Yuanqu 5, what is Yuanqu made of

Yuanqu originally came from the so-called "Fan Qu" and "Hu Yue", which was first circulated among the people and was called "Market Xiaoling" or "Village Fang Minor". With the Yuan and Song dynasties taking control of the Central Plains, it spread successively in the vast areas of the north and south centered on Dadu (present-day Beijing) and Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou). Generally speaking, Yuan miscellaneous opera and loose song are collectively called Yuan song, and both use Beiqu as the form of singing.

Sanqu is the main body of literature in the Yuan Dynasty. However, the achievements and influence of Yuan Miscellaneous Opera far exceed that of Sanqu, so some people use "Yuan Qu" to refer to Miscellaneous Opera, and Yuan Opera is also "Yuan Dynasty Opera". Yuanqu has a strict grid formula, and each song card has fixed format requirements for sentence structure, word count, level, etc.

Although there is a fixed frame, but it is not rigid, it is allowed to add lining words in the fixed frame, some music cards can also add sentences, and the rhyme is allowed to rhyme, compared with the quatrain of the poem and the Song Dynasty, there is greater flexibility.

1.Subjective reasons: Since the Book of Songs, the Han Yuefu, the Tang Dynasty Dunhuang Quzi Ci, Song Ci, and Yuan Qu are all poetic styles sung with harmony.

In this vein, it can be seen that the emergence of a certain literary and artistic phenomenon is not accidental but inevitable. The reason why Tang and Song poems and Yuan songs are called differently is only the external reason why it has achieved the highest historical achievement. Its genes have not changed, but the form and rules have changed.

2.Objective reasons: a. The prosperity of urban economic life and the growth of citizens' entertainment requirements are the fundamental factors for the prosperity of Yuan Miscellaneous Opera; b. The infiltration of cultural "heterogeneity" brought by foreign ethnic groups will also help to break through the limitations of China's inherent literary concepts and enhance the importance of literary and artistic styles in the market; cThe participation of creative writers is an indispensable condition.

The creative subject loses the opportunity to conduct scientific research and realizes his own value in Yuanqu.

Yuanqu consists of loose songs and miscellaneous operas. The form of Yuanqu is similar to the word, with long and short sentences, but the rhythm is freer, and more colloquial language is used, which is convenient for expressing feelings straightforwardly.

Sanqu, the Yuan people called "Yuefu" or "Jinyuefu". The name of Sanqu was first seen in the literature, which was Zhu Youstew's "Chengzhai Yuefu" in the early Ming Dynasty, but the Sanqu mentioned in the book refers specifically to Xiaoling, and does not include the number of sets. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the scope of sanqu gradually expanded, and the number of sets was also included.

At the beginning of the 20th century, after a series of treatises by Wu Mei, Ren Ne and other composers came out, sanqu was finally established as a complete stylistic concept that included small reams and sets. As a new poetic genre that emerged after poems and words, sanqu obviously flows with the blood of poetry, words and other rhyme styles, inheriting their excellent traditions.

Miscellaneous dramas, generally refer to meta miscellaneous dramas. It is a kind of comprehensive form of opera hall that is sung in Beiqu and organically combines singing, reading, science and dance to express a complete story, and it is formed by integrating various performing arts of the previous generation. Yuan miscellaneous dramas represent the highest achievements of Yuan Dynasty literature.

To represent writers, there are Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu, etc. The main representative works are, "Dou E's Injustice", "Han Palace Autumn", "A Chinese Girl Leaving the Soul", "Wutong Rain" and so on. Its content is mainly to expose the darkness of society, reflect the people's suffering, and combine realism and romanticism, with a clear main line and distinct characters.

The most striking features of its structure are the four-fold wedge and the "one-man lead singer".

The composition of Yuan Qu includes two types of genres: one is the loose song that includes Xiaoling, with the number of songs and sets; The second is composed of a set of songs, interspersed with bin bai and Kefan, specially designed for the performance of miscellaneous dramas on the stage. "Sanqu" is the opposite of "opera".

A drama is a script used for performance, writing lyrics, confessions, movements, etc. for various characters; Loose songs are simply lyrics used as a cappella. In terms of form, sanqu and words are very similar, but in language, the words should be elegant and subtle, while the sanqu should be popular and lively; In terms of rhythm, the words are stricter, while the loose songs are more free. Sanqu is divided into two categories from asanas:

Xiaoling" and "Loose Sets". Xiaoling, also known as Ye'er, has a short system, usually just an independent piece (a few contain two or three pieces). The loose set consists of multiple pieces and requires a rhyme to be used at all times.

There are also various names for the song cards of Sanqu, such as "Nagging Order", "Blowing the Wind", "Happy Spring", "Mountain Sheep", "Red Embroidered Shoes" and so on, these names are mostly very slangy, which also shows that Sanqu is closer to folk songs than words. With its works that reveal the profundity of reality, the wide range of subject matter, the popularity of language, the liveliness of form, the freshness of style, the vividness of depiction, and the variety of techniques, Yuanqu radiates dazzling brilliance in the ancient Chinese literature and art garden. There are complex reasons for the rise and development of Yuanqu.

First of all, the social reality of the ancestors was the foundation for the rise of Yuanqu, which laid the foundation for the rise of Yuanqu with its vast territory, prosperous urban economy, grand theaters, active book clubs, and endless audiences day and night. secondly, the cultures of various ethnic groups in the Yuan Dynasty exchanged and melted with each other, which promoted the formation of Yuan Qu; Thirdly, Yuanqu is the inevitable result of the internal laws of poetry itself and the inheritance and development of literary traditions.