What is the historical and cultural value of Xiaohe Cemetery?

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The Xiaohe Necropolis is considered by the world archaeological community to be the most difficult mystery to solve in the history of Central Asia and the archaeological sand-buried civilization.

At the beginning of the 20th century, in 1910 and 1911, the burial was discovered by the Rob hunter Aldeck, who lived in this area.

This allowed him to act as a guide in the search for the tomb when the Swedish archaeologist Bergmann arrived in 1934.

In 1934, the Swedish archaeologist Bergmann discovered what he considered to be "the best-preserved mummies in the world" at the Little River cemetery, which were identified as "Indo-Europeans".

Bergmann and he traveled south along the Peacock River to the south of a small channel that Bergmann casually called "the little river."

Discovered about 4 kilometers west of the river, Bergmann named the cemetery, which was rumored to have had thousands of coffins.

In 1939, Bergmann gave a detailed introduction to the archaeological investigation and excavation of the small river basin in his book "Archaeological Research in Xinjiang" published in Stockholm (Chinese translation "Archaeology of Xinjiang").

The grand scale of the Xiaohe cemetery, the peculiar burial system, and the rich information contained in the early civilization of Lop Nur (the ancient name of Lop Nur) have attracted wide attention from scholars.

Since then, the Xiaohe cemetery has mysteriously disappeared in the sea of sand, and Chinese scholars have been working tirelessly to find this ancient relic for more than half a century.

After Bergmann's expedition to the river, there was no successor until the end of the 20th century and more than 60 years.

The Xiaohe cemetery is hidden deep in the Luoyun Yuanbu Desert and has been lost.

On December 11, 2000, Wang Binghua, a researcher at the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, entered the Luobu Desert with the help of the Earth Satellite Locator (GPS) with the help of the "Desert in the Western Regions of China" film crew organized by Shenzhen Datang Film and Television Advertising Company, and finally found the Xiaohe cemetery again.

After a lapse of half a month, our reporter also entered the Xiaohe cemetery to report on the spot, which attracted great attention from the historical and archaeological circles at home and abroad.

At the end of 2002, Xinjiang archaeologists conducted a test excavation of the Xiaohe cemetery.

In October 2003, the comprehensive excavation project of Xiaohe Cemetery was officially launched with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.

The Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology formed a Xiaohe archaeological team led by Director Idilis Abduresul and conducted field excavations for more than three months.

We see the death of the Xiaohe people, but we can't find any traces of their survival. Some scholars have speculated that Xiaohe may have been a public cemetery for the ancient inhabitants or a burial ground for the nobility.

Bergmann and he traveled south along the Peacock River to the south of a small river nameless river that Bergmann casually called "the little river." The cemetery was discovered about 4 kilometers west of the river, and Bergmann named the cemetery, which was rumored to have "thousands of coffins" at the time, as "the No. 5 cemetery of the river".

I've heard this rumor that the sale of scum is a process in which Aldeck led archaeologists who are very amused to enter the site of Xiaohe cemetery, and they also found female mummies in this site, but after the founding of New China, many people entered here again to search, but did not find the site of this Xiaohe cemetery.

The reason why the Xiaohe cemetery in the Bronze Age can be preserved for so long is mainly due to the following reasons: 1. Site selection of tombs: Xiaohe cemetery is mostly built on hillsides, hills and other places, with high terrain and is not easy to be eroded by water, which is conducive to the preservation of tombs.

2. Construction of tombs: In the Xiaohe cemetery of the Bronze Age, the tomb owner usually chooses to use stones, bricks and other materials for the construction of the tomb, which has high durability and can effectively prevent the collapse and destruction of the tomb without lead. 3. Closure of tombs:

After the tomb is buried, the owner will use earth, stone and other materials to seal the tomb chamber to form a relatively closed environment to prevent the entry of oxygen and moisture from the outside, so as to delay the decay and damage of the items in the tomb. 4. Management of tombs: The sites of Xiaohe cemetery are mostly in remote or difficult to reclaim places, and the possibility of human interference in Xianzhou is small, and the protection is relatively well-protected, which is also conducive to the preservation of tombs.

To sum up, the fact that the Xiaohe cemetery in the Bronze Age was able to be preserved for so long was due to a combination of reasons such as site selection, construction, closure and management of the tombs.

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The Xiaohe cemetery in the Bronze Age can be preserved to this day for the following reasons: 1Geographical location of the tombs:

Located in a hilly area southwest of Nanyang City, Henan Province, China, the Xiaohe Cemetery is located on a hillside and is not susceptible to natural disasters such as flooding and mudslides. 2.Materials for the construction of the tomb:

The construction materials of the tombs in the Xiaohe cemetery in the Bronze Age are mainly stones and clods, which have good durability and protection, and can effectively protect the cultural relics and remains in the tombs. 3.Tightness of the burials:

Most of the tombs in Xiaohe Cemetery are pit tombs, and the inside of the tomb is well sealed, which can effectively prevent the erosion of external air, humidity and other factors, so as to protect the cultural relics and remains in the tomb. 4.Excavation and protection of burials:

In the process of excavation and protection, scientific methods and technologies, such as advanced excavation technology and cultural relics protection technology, were adopted to ensure the integrity and safety of the cultural relics and remains in the tomb. The Xiaohe cemetery from the Bronze Age has been preserved to this day due to a combination of factors, including geographical location, construction materials of Zhishan, sealing of tombs, and excavation and preservation. Hope mine can help you, dear <>

Rob Desert with "Little River".

In May 1934, in search of "graves of thousands of coffins" (i.e., the Little River Cemetery), Bergmann, an archaeologist from Sweden, followed a river downstream of the Qom River (as the Peacock River was then called) southward into the Lob Desert, which Bergmann named "Little River".

The Peacock River originates from Bosten Lake, China's largest inland lake, and flows eastward along the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains into Lop Nur, where it was gradually cut off due to large-scale agricultural development in the 50s of the last century, and the river disappeared without a trace, but the Xiaohe cemetery may have been preserved intact in the Lop Desert.

The Lop Desert, which was originally not famous, is famous for this "tomb of thousands of coffins", it is located in the east of the Taklamakan Desert, the boundary between the two deserts is the Tarim River from north to south, and the east of the Lop Desert is the famous Lop Nur.

Bergmann followed the "creek" into the Rob Desert, which he described in his writings; The creek is 30 meters wide, the riverbed is eroded to a depth of one meter, there are reeds on the banks of the river that are taller than people, and canoes are passable at high water levels. No one can say the exact location of the point where the creek disappeared, probably near Lake Karakushun, the terminus of the Tarim River, and deduced that the creek was about 120 kilometers long.

On the evening of June 2, 1934, Bergmann found "graves of thousands of coffins" by the river, which he called "Cemetery No. 5 of the river". Bergmann argues that it is clear that the creek was crossed when Cemetery 5 was formed.

Bergmann believes that this small river, which flows in a narrow waterway, must have been largely influenced by the volume of its mother river, the Qom, but it provided all the water for this part of the population living in the Lob Desert, and Bergmann and his expedition traveled through the small river basin and found the "Xiaohe No. 5" cemetery, as well as several other burials and a beacon, but, unlike other Lop Nur necropolis, Bergman did not find the remains of ancient human settlements, "perhaps the ruins of villages and towns have been buried by quicksand".

In his writings, Bergman analyzes: "The excavations from the Xiaohe cemetery represent two different cultures, one is the No. 5 cemetery, where the Loulan aborigines are buried; The other is other ancient tombs near the creek, where upper-class people dressed in silk are buried. Now the creek is long gone, and it has long been buried by the Rob Desert.

But the cemetery is still a reminder of the existence of the creek, and how important it was once to be a river. Some scholars believe that the small river basin between the father and mother of the Lop Nur civilization is the birthplace of the true indigenous people of Loulan, located on the north and south of Lop Nur, the Peacock River (Qom River) in the north and the Tarim River in the south.

They built a Xiaohe mausoleum representing the roots of the nation for the upper echelons of the nobles of the clan here, and the history of the emergence of civilization in the Western Regions is stored in the Xiaohe No. 5 cemetery in the north and south rivers.

Many people believe that the sudden change in the environment caused the collapse of the ecosystem due to the lack of water sources, which led to the disappearance of the ancient kingdom of Loulan.