The development of gouache, when was gouache produced and developed?

The specific production and development time of gouache painting is no longer exquisite, but it can only be said that the origin of gouache painting is very early, which can be corroborated from the murals of ancient grottoes, tombs and monasteries at home and abroad that make cherry blossoms accompanied by water-soluble pigments. For example, the murals of the Dunhuang grottoes in the Northern Wei Dynasty of China, the Buddhist art in the grottoes in Xinjiang during the Western Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the murals of the Yongle Palace of the Six Dynasties and the heavy color paintings of the past dynasties, as well as the ancient courtyard paintings and folk paintings, etc., are all painted with water-soluble powdery closed pigments. Most of the frescoes in the ancient Roman catacombs were painted with glue or egg white.

The original frescoes under the hands of the Italian Renaissance masters were later repaired by experts and found that some were also painted with glue powder paint. These paintings, which have long appeared in ancient and modern China and foreign countries, use powdery water-soluble pigments, all of which have the basic artistic characteristics of gouache painting, which shows that the production and use of gouache pigments have a very long history. Although the variety of pigments used in this kind of ancient gouache painting is limited, and the tools and methods of painting are also different from those of modern gouache painting, it is not without the meaning of research and reference for the improvement and development of modern gouache painting.

Gouache painting is a type of Western painting, which refers to works of art painted with gouache, watercolor brushes, oil brushes, Chinese brushes, etc.

Gouache is the medium of water, and in this respect, it is the same as watercolor. Therefore, gouache painting can also be painted with the same hearty effect as watercolor painting. However, it is not as transparent as watercolors.

It also has something in common with oil painting, that is, it also has a certain ability to cover. Unlike oil painting, oil painting uses oil as the medium, and there is almost no change in the brightness and brightness of the color. This is not the case with gouache, which is in the form of water and powder, and the dry and wet variations are great.

So, its expressiveness is somewhere between oil painting and watercolor painting. Watercolor painting is characterized by the transparency of colors, and the object is represented by the superposition of dark colors on light colors. Gouache painting, on the other hand, is characterized by being between opaque and translucent.

If it is covered or superimposed on a colored base, then this process is actually an addition, and the color of the bottom layer will have an impact on the color of the surface layer, which is where it is more difficult to master. However, experienced painters often use this characteristic to express the gouache color itself and its unique artistic charm.

Performance Materials and Painting Tools for Gouache Painting (1).

1. The Concept of Gouache Painting Gouache is a form of painting that uses nuclear water mixed with powdery pigments. Gouache is the medium of water, and in this respect, it is the same as watercolor. Therefore, gouache painting can also be painted with the same hearty effect as watercolor painting.

However, it is not as transparent as watercolors. It also has something in common with oil painting, that is, it also has a certain ability to cover. Unlike oil painting, oil painting uses oil as the medium, and the color changes almost dryness and wetness.

This is not the case with gouache, which is in the form of water and powder, and the dry and wet variations are great. So, its expressiveness is somewhere between oil painting and watercolor painting. Watercolor painting is characterized by the transparency of colors, and the object is represented by the superposition of dark colors on light colors.

Gouache painting, on the other hand, is characterized by being between opaque and translucent. If it is covered or superimposed on a colored base, then this process is actually an addition, and the color of the bottom layer will have an impact on the color of the surface layer, which is where it is more difficult to master. However, experienced painters often use this characteristic of respecting Yu Qing to express the gouache color itself and its unique artistic charm.

2. The limitations of gouache color purity and brightness When gouache painting is wet, the saturation of its color is as high as that of oil painting, and after drying, due to the effect of powder and the loss of color luster, the saturation is greatly reduced, which is the limitation of its color purity. The brightness of gouache is improved by diluting, adding powder, or light colors with more powdery pigments. Its dry and wet changes are very large, often some colors only add a little powder, wet and dry, its brightness shows a difference of depth or light.

Since the color of gouache painting generally becomes lighter after drying, the use of good powder is the most difficult problem to solve in gouache painting technique. The color of gouache is precisely the charm of gouache painting, which makes the color of the picture full of the unique "powder" quality of gouache painting, and the appearance of particularly rich intermediate colors.

1. Characteristics of gouache painting.

The nature and technique of gouache painting are closely related to oil painting and watercolor painting. It is a kind of painting between oil painting and watercolor, which uses water-soluble pigments like watercolor painting, and the pigment composition is the same as that of transparent watercolor pigments. Opaque gouache paints can also produce different degrees of watercolor effects when mixed with more water, but in terms of the activity and transparency of watercolor, it cannot be compared with watercolor painting.

II. Extended Information.

1. The basic techniques of gouache painting.

The use of colors in sketching is based on the correct observation and understanding of the color relationships of the objects. The color can not be isolated to look at a piece, adjust a piece, and draw a piece of things. Instead, it is necessary to consider the whole hue and color relationship, and decide each piece of color from the whole.

Gouache painting is not easy to connect the color of the hocks, but also on the basis of clarifying the relationship between the colors, try to adjust the colors of several large color blocks, and prepare to paint again.

2. Paint selection for gouache painting.

The colors of deep red, rose red, green lotus, violet and other colors in gouache pigments are extremely unstable, easy to turn color, and not easy to cover. There are few types of transparent colors in gouache color, only a few colors such as lemon yellow, rose red, and blue lotus, so to paint gouache well, it is necessary to fully grasp the personality of each gouache pigment, and understand the strength of its color receiving ability, the size of its covering ability, and the level of color valence. These problems must be practiced continuously, so that practice makes perfect.

First, the tendency of pastel color in blending is not clear enough, and there are too many vague colors, which will also cause the powder of the color of the picture. In the process of painting, the Beijing studio should pay attention to the contrast of brightness of colors, and the colors of the dark parts of the objects should be adjusted to show the tendency of colors, and the relationship between colors should be found correctly, so that even if there is a small amount of white, the painted objects will not make people feel powdery.

Second, the main reason for Huahua is the lack of overall consciousness in the process of painting, which makes the color relationship between the object and the color block appear scattered, and the relationship between the purity and brightness of the color is not properly handled. The main reason for these problems is the lack of a unified organization in the painting process.

3. Dirty due to the many types of color mixing, its chromaticity is weakened, especially the mixing between complementary colors, which will make the picture dirty. The number of changes to the picture should not be too much, otherwise the background color of the picture will be flooded and the bright effect of the color will be lost. In addition, the brushes, water, and color palette are not clean, which causes color confusion when grading, which is also the cause of dirty images.

Fourth, there is no brightest and darkest color on the gray picture, and there is a lack of cold and warm contrast and chiaroscuro, and the whole picture looks lifeless and unvivid. The cause of ash is related to the dirtiness and powder of the color. In order to change the characteristics of gray, it should be made clear that gray and gray tones are two different things, gray tones are subjectively required by the painter, and the gray of painting should be solved by strengthening the cold and warm and chiaroscuro.

Fifth, the use of primary colors and high-purity colors in a large area of the fire picture painting, without any adjustment, will make the whole tone appear stiff, not in line with the law of color change.

Gouache paint has a certain covering ability, high color purity, rich color effect, soft, bright and gorgeous, and the painting tools are relatively simple. In a sense, it is more versatile, more popular, and easier for more people to accept. The disadvantages of gouache painting are that it lacks luster, is not easy to connect, it is difficult to express subtle color changes, it is not well mastered, and it is easy to produce the shortcomings of blandness, dirtiness, gray and darkness.

Therefore, according to these characteristics, we should make use of our strengths and avoid our weaknesses, so as to fully express the object in sketching and creation.

It can be covered layer by layer. If you have patience, you can get the same effect as oil painting, but the color is darker when the paint is wet, and the color becomes lighter when it dries. There are also purple colors such as rose red and violet, which are easy to turn out.

So it is not used as a base. The gouache pigment is very washable, and the color is very beautiful after dissolving in water, but it cannot cover the base color. Ultramarine, ochre, earth red and other colors of watercolor pigments are mineral pigments, which are prone to precipitation when used alone or mixed with other colors.

The above is the answer provided by Shanghai Xinle. Shanghai Xinle specializes in the production of acrylic paints, watercolor paints, semi-dry watercolor paints, gouache paints, cloth color paints, finger painting paints, glass painting paints, ceramic paints, wall painting paints.