Please help me gather some materials about the characters of the ancients

8 The Book of Xi.

Floating like clouds, wisps of soul are tied to the soul.

is like a frightened dragon, showing the most sincere feelings in the world.

A generation of book saints, majestic and indulgent.

The mountains and rivers are the most magnificent in 5,000 years.

a tortoise shell; Animal bones b bamboo and wood tablets c bronze d paper e pottery When it comes to writing tools for Chinese characters, people often think of the four treasures of the study first, namely pen, ink, paper, and inkstone. Among them, paper is the carrier of words, and the pen is the main writing tool. In addition to pen and ink, there are also writing tools for Chinese characters, such as a carving knife and a metal tool for carving characters on gold and stone.

According to research, on the pottery inscriptions found in Xi'an Banpo, Shandong Dawenkou and other places about six or seven thousand years ago, there are several patterns, such as human face patterns, swimming fish patterns, etc., which are depicted with pens or similar tools, indicating that the brushes that were widely used later have had a prototype very early. The oldest existing brush is the brush of the late Spring and Autumn period of Chu State, the pen barrel is a solid bamboo pole, the pen barrel is split into several at one end, the pen hair is sandwiched in it, wrapped tightly with a fine silk thread, and then painted with a layer of lacquer outside, the pen hair is the best rabbit shear, about centimeter long. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there were also those who used wood to make pen barrels.

After the Han Dynasty, the production process of the brush has basically not changed, in the selection of the pen tube, there are mainly ivory, glaze, bamboo, jade tube, rhino horn, as well as rabbit hair, sheep hair, deer hair, wolf hair, children's fetal hair, tiger hair, horse hair, mink hair, etc. When writing on characters with a hard texture, smooth surface, and poor hygroscopicity, such as gold and stone, oracle bones, etc., it is necessary to use a harder engraving tool. In pottery inscriptions dating back 6,000 years, the carving tools used may have been made from jade or animal teeth.

In the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Shang period, scholars generally believe that the lettering tools of that time were most likely copper knives. Similar writing tools include chops, knives, and later iron pens. The carving knives used in seal carving today were produced at least during the Warring States period.

Because it is very inconvenient to write Chinese characters in the way of deed, it is difficult to write a relatively long text, or to cope with a large number of writing records, it is difficult to be competent. In modern times, with the improvement of the material and cultural level of society, brushes have gradually been replaced by hard pens such as fountain pens and ballpoint pens. As the main writing tool of the art of calligraphy, the brush is still used by calligraphers, and this will not change with the times.

In the Qin Dynasty, bamboo slips were widely used. At that time, the civil official in charge of writing was called a "sword and pen officer", and he was equipped with two special objects, a copper knife and a whetstone. The words written on the bamboo slips needed to be revised, so the handwriting on them was scraped off with a copper knife and rewritten.

And often scrape bamboo slips, copper knives are easy to dull, so whetstones are also a must-have for knife and pen officials.

The writing found in our country is now recognized as oracle bone inscription.

At first, it was carved on tortoise shell or cow bones, and later there were inscriptions or gold inscriptions.

It is engraved on bronze and iron, and after the middle of the Zhou Dynasty, the words are engraved on the bamboo pieces and the wooden deflection is the bamboo slip, which is the silver of the Qin and Han dynasties.

In order to make it easy to carry, the use of silk or linen to write important documents and orders, the Eastern Han Dynasty invented paper, from which words are written on paper. Archaeological discoveries in Zhejiang have also found that there are many symbols depicted on ancient pottery, some people believe that it is the original text, but it has not yet been cracked and contains the meaning of repentance, these symbols are also called 'Tao Wen'.

Ancient people? Which ancient people? The ancients of that period?

The ancient people of China did not write, carved, carved the words on the tortoise deck, commonly known as the oracle bone inscription, and later wrote on the bamboo piece, commonly known as the bamboo slip, after the Western Han Dynasty, due to the invention of paper, it was written on the paper, until now.

It is said that the ancient people who are now called Europe were the first to write words and pictures on stones, commonly known as petroglyphs, and later on sheepskins, commonly known as parchments.