What are the harvesting techniques of pepper cultivation

Winter and spring peppers are cultivated early, and can be harvested 40-50 days after planting, depending on the market situation. Door pepper and ear pepper should be planted early, so as not to affect the growth of the plant. When the door pepper and ear pepper are harvested, the plant as a whole is still relatively tender, in order not to damage the young branches, it is best to cut the fruit.

1) Criteria for ripeness: dark red in color, slightly wrinkled skin, ready to be harvested. Generally, it takes 50 to 65 days from flowering to maturity, and the fruit is not fully ripe after turning red, so you need to wait for about 7 days.

2) Number of harvests: Due to the large number of fruit sets and the number of fruits, the ripening period is also different. If labor permits, the field can be harvested multiple times to reduce nutrient consumption and promote fruit setting and ripening in the upper layer.

In the northern region, the clustered Chaotian pepper adopts the method of one-time seedling pulling and harvesting. When the whole fruit is ripe, pull it back one by one, dry it in a ventilated place for 5 7 days, and then pile it up horizontally from root to root and let it dry naturally. If the quantity is not large, the roots can also be tied into small bundles and hung upside down on the beam, or they can be hung under the eaves to dry directly.

3) Fruit stalk treatment: According to the purchase requirements, the calyx without stalk and storage is required when picking. The ** of sessile pepper is higher and easier to dry.

The method of picking without a stalk is to pinch the fruit stalk tightly with one hand, and gently press the fruit to the side with the other hand to break off the stalkless pepper fruit. However, sessile fruits are easy to rot in a humid environment, so it is necessary to pay attention to drying treatment.

1. Base fertilizer.

Capsicum is a Solanaceae crop, sensitive to chlorine, avoid chlorine crops. Therefore, compound fertilizer can only use potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Usage: 60% before land preparation, 40% furrow application during planting, to ensure the demand for fertilizer for pepper for a long time.

2. Top dressing. Top dressing is generally in the evening, about 15 cm from the roots, and irrigation and watering immediately after the chasing. The principle of top dressing is a small amount many times. First top dressing:

After the initial flowering period of pepper, the first top dressing is carried out when the fruit is sitting, and when most of the plants are set by the pepper, the second water is watered, and combined with watering, the fertilizer is reapplied. Generally, every time the fruit is harvested, combined with watering and topdressing once, each time a high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizer is applied per mu.

Summary: Chili peppers are used as fresh peppers for consumption, and dried peppers are used to make them. When making top dressing of fresh peppers, nitrogen fertilizer is biased, but not excessive, otherwise the fruit setting rate of vigorous growth is low.

The focus of making dried pepper is to chase nitrogen fertilizer on the basis of nitrogen fertilizer and partial potassium fertilizer after the fruit set is red. Potassium is the element that determines the color and quality of dried peppers.

3. Foliar spraying.

1) During the growth of pepper, it is best to spray pests and diseases to prevent and control them, and after fruit set, appropriate spraying of ribery Yanwo amino acid foliar fertilizer and Yanwo powder potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, combined with imported chelated boron fertilizer from Shangyanwo, can effectively prevent flower and fruit fall.

2) At the peak of fresh pepper harvesting, pepper needs to absorb a large amount of magnesium fertilizer, magnesium nitrate solution, and spray it several times.

3) When pepper is deficient in boron, Yanwo boron fertilizer can be used, which has a high safety factor and is not easy to cause poisoning.

1. Planting time.

Chili peppers prefer to be grown in a warmer environment, and the best growing temperature is between 20 and 30. In general, planting can be carried out from March and into July. In the south, which is warmer all year round, chili peppers can be grown all year round.

2. Select the variety.

It is generally recommended that growers choose the angel series, because it mainly has three varieties of purple dragon, yellow angel and orange angel, and the benefits of these three varieties in China are still relatively good, and the market is also relatively recognized.

3. Seedling. First of all, germination, put the seeds in warm water, use potassium permanganate for sterilization, and then wrap them in gauze and put them in an environment of about 26 degrees, and wait until the seeds have white things exposed before planting.

Plant the seeds into the seedling tray, cover with a centimeter or so * cover with mulch, keep warm and moisturize, and uncover the mulch film after the seedlings emerge, when the seedlings grow two or three leaves, you can divide the seedlings.

4. Sowing. Fertilization to make furrows, one acre of land can eat 10,000 catties of farmhouse fertilizer with rotted base fertilizer, plus 50 catties of compounding, choose the right distance to start planting. When planting, it should be watered in time, the density should not be too large, and the density should be based on the planting time and the length of the cultivation period, generally 2300 trees can be planted in early spring.

5. Fertilizer and water management.

The humidity of the soil is best controlled at about 80%, in general, it will be better to use drip irrigation, watering appropriately in the early stage, and when the peppers are flowering, you can use some sea phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

6. Fruit management.

In order to improve the yield of peppers, it is necessary to retain two better branches, so remove some leaves according to the situation of the plant to ensure ventilation and light transmission, improve the yield of peppers, and remove the deformed fruits as soon as possible when the peppers are set to not waste nutrients.

The planting of pepper is mainly to select the seeds of the required varieties and promote germination, cover and warm when the temperature is low after sowing, transplant when it grows to three or four leaves, apply good fertilizer, water regularly, and strengthen field management.

1. Seed selection and germination.

To plant peppers, choose seeds without pests and diseases, without mildew, put them in the sun for 3 days to dry, play the role of sterilization, and then soak the seeds in clean water for 4 hours to break their dormant period, and then take out the pepper seeds, disinfect them with root rot disinfectants, rinse them repeatedly and dry them.

2. Soil sowing.

Pepper is suitable for growing in fertile and loose soil, and three parts humus, one part humus, two parts of pastoral soil, and one part of river sand can be used to prepare the base soil when sowing seedlings, and then the soil is disinfected with carbendazim, and then the pepper seeds are sown in the soil at a distance of 25 cm.

3. Transplanting and colonization.

After the pepper seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, you can select the seedlings with good growth and thick rhizomes for transplanting, and dig out the pepper with soil mass to avoid damaging the root system, and then plant it in the sunny and ventilated, flat field, and the plant spacing can be kept at 40 cm.

4. Daily management.

In the process of planting peppers, it is necessary to regularly weed and loosen the soil to avoid weeds competing for the nutrients of seedlings, and to apply well-rotted farmhouse fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to the field to promote the growth of peppers, and when the soil is white, it should be watered with water to avoid the phenomenon of dead leaves and leaf rolls due to lack of water in the plants.

I don't know a lot about this, I only know that chili peppers, in fact, I don't like too much water, so when we are watering, we can water less, and we also have to choose pepper varieties that are suitable for the local climate, and we can also apply more farm fertilizer, which can make peppers grow better, and secondly, we should also pay attention to the regulation of temperature, keeping about 25 degrees to 28 degrees, which is very appropriate.

First of all, we should water and fertilize in time, and at the same time, we should also strengthen water and fertilizer management to ensure sufficient sunlight, and then loosen the soil in time to ensure the permeability of the soil, spray some pesticides regularly, remove insect pests, and also need to do a good job of drainage and ventilation.

First of all, it is necessary to choose high-quality seeds, and when planting, we must grasp the density, and finally we also need to water in time, and you can also choose the way of laying mulch, which needs to be weeded in time, supplemented with fertilizer in time, and watered in time.

It is necessary to water in time, fertilize in time, apply organic fertilizer in time, pay attention to control the density of planting, and ventilate in time.

When planting peppers, because there is not much time limit, sowing can be carried out all year round, and it is best to choose the spring from March to May, or November to December, so that the southern region can safely overwinter in the open field.

There are many varieties of peppers, you can choose the seeds in advance, and then treat the seeds, mainly disinfection and germination, you can first soak in about 50 warm water, about 15 minutes can be fished out, and then soak and germinate, soak in the disinfection solution for disinfection, after these treatments, you can put it in clean water to wash, put it next to dry, and wait until the seeds are sown.

Prepare suitable soil, require loose, breathable, nutritious, before sowing to use a shovel to promote loose and soft soil, in order to facilitate seed germination and growth.

Water the soil thoroughly and then spread the seeds into the soil and cover it with about a centimeter of soil to prevent the seeds from blowing away. Maintain a moist soil temperature of about 25-30 degrees Celsius, and germination will occur in about 3-5 days.

After it grows a few leaves, the root system is also fully developed, and it can be transplanted and planted on a sunny day to do a good job of maintenance and management in the later stage.

1. Plant in spring and two seasons, plant early-maturing varieties in spring, and plant medium-maturing and late-maturing varieties in autumn. 2. Peppers need to be planted on high-lying and well-drained soil. 3. Pepper generally does not need to be germinated, in order to speed up the germination speed, the seeds can be soaked in water, or soaked in liquid medicine, disinfection and sterilization.

4. After sowing, cover with about 2 cm of fine soil, cover the mulch, and remove the mulch film after the seedlings emerge.

First, the planting method

1. Pepper can be planted in spring and autumn, the temperature difference in spring is large, and the high temperature will affect the flowering and fruiting of the plant.

2. Peppers cannot be planted in a row, nor can they be planted in the soil where eggplants, tomatoes and potatoes have been planted, it needs to be planted in a high-lying and well-drained place. A deep ploughing in winter can eliminate germs and insect eggs in the soil, and then it is necessary to level and apply sufficient base fertilizer.

3. Because the original germination rate of pepper seeds is high, there is generally no need to germinate. In order to speed up germination, the seeds can be soaked in water before the year, and the seeds can also be soaked in pesticides to have the effect of disinfection and sterilization.

4. Sow the seeds into the soil, cover them with 2 cm of fine soil, cover them with plastic film after watering, and remove the plastic film after the seedlings emerge.

2. Management technology

1. Pepper is a fertilizer-tolerant, drought-tolerant, waterlogg-resistant crop, and the fertilization rule is "less at both ends, more in the middle".

2. Because the growth cycle of pepper is long, the base fertilizer should be sufficient, and the appropriate amount of top dressing can be done in the later stage. The base fertilizer is generally based on well-rotted organic fertilizer, about 4000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and about 70 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied.

3. Pepper seedling stage requires less fertility, and the flowering and fruiting stage is the most.

4. Pepper watering can not be flooded with large water, but should be watered frequently with small water, with the soil dry and wet as the standard, and then watered when it is dry.

5. According to the growth of peppers, it is necessary to pluck the top, pick the leaves, thin the flowers and fruits, and beat the branches in time. After the pepper is harvested, the old and yellow leaves below the first branch can be removed, which can increase the light transmittance of the plant.

6. In order to make the pepper fruit expand, the top of all the fruit branches will be knocked off about 15 days after pulling the seedlings, which can promote the growth of the lower part of the plant.