Where is the kiln? What is your masterpiece?

Kiln site: The largest and most concentrated kiln site of Dingyao kiln site, distributed in the north of Jianci Village, Quyang County, there are more than a dozen tall accumulations, the highest 15 meters, piled up with many porcelain pieces, kiln furniture, slag, porcelain clay, etc. From the perspective of the stratigraphic relationship of the site, the site is divided into three periods: the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, and was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1986.

Characteristics of Dingyao porcelain:

1. The fetal bone of Dingyao porcelain is thin and fine, the color is clean, and the degree of porcelain is very high.

2. The kiln of the Song Dynasty mainly fired white glazed porcelain, and at the same time fired black glaze, sauce glaze, green glaze and other so-called black glaze, purple glaze, green glaze, red glaze and other color glaze varieties.

3. The common types of porcelain in the Ding kiln of the Song Dynasty are mostly bowls, plates, bottles, plates, boxes and pillows, while the shapes of pots and furnaces are relatively few.

4. The decoration techniques of Dingyao porcelain are mainly white glaze printing, white glaze engraving and white glaze scratching. Northern song dynasty.

In the early Dingyao carving, the composition and pattern are relatively simple, with heavy lotus petal patterns in the majority, and the decoration has the beauty of bas-relief. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, the carved decoration of the Ding kiln was exquisite and unique.

5. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the firing method was adopted, so there was more glaze on the edge of the bowl mouth. After the middle period, the bowl adopts the overfiring method, in order to prevent the mouth from sticking to the glaze, so the glazed plate and bowl are scraped off a circle of glaze at the edge of the mouth, exposing the fetal bone, and after firing, there is a circle of "mangkou" that exposes the raw edge of the plate and bowl. For the sake of beauty, on the edge of some high-end plates and bowls, gold, silver, and copper buckles are often inlaid, which is the so-called "gold binding device".

This is a unique feature of the porcelain-making process of Dingyao Chuanghua.

The main production area of Ding kiln is in Baoding City, Hebei Province.

The area of Jianci Village, East Yanchuan Village and West Yanchuan Village in Quyang County is called Dingyao because the area was under the jurisdiction of Dingzhou during the Tang and Song dynasties. Dingyao is a treasure in the traditional Chinese porcelain-making process, one of the six major kiln systems in the Song Dynasty, and is a major porcelain kiln system that emerged after the Xingyao white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty.

Kiln varieties: 1. The kiln products are mainly white porcelain, and other precious varieties such as sauce, red, and black are also fired, such as black glaze (black ding), purple glaze (purple ding), green glaze (green ding), red glaze (red ding), etc., all of which are on the white porcelain fetus and covered with a layer of high-temperature color glaze. Yuan Dynasty Liu Qi's "Return to the Hidden Chronicles".

said, "Dingzhou flower porcelain Ou, Yan Hulu chong color the world white." It can be seen that the kiln ware was not only loved by people at that time, but also had a large output. The great poet Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty.

When he was in Dingzhou, he used the Xiwan poem of "Dingzhou flower porcelain and red jade" to praise the gorgeous and colorful porcelain of Dingzhou.

2. There are also north and south of the kiln. Northern song dynasty.

Before, the kiln site was in Dingzhou in the north, and this is the firing item called Beiding; After the Song dynasty moved south, some of the kiln workers went to Jingdezhen and part to Jizhou, which was called Nanding. The glaze produced in Jingdezhen is like powder, also known as powder.

The tire of the kiln is thin and light, the tire color is white and yellowish, firm, not too transparent, the glaze is beige, the glaze is very thin, and the tire can be seen. The glaze color is white and crystalline, and many of the glaze shapes are like tear stains, which are called "wax tear stains", and the yellow-green color is faint. In the place of thin glaze on the outer wall of the utensil, you can see the spin blank marks on the tire, commonly known as "bamboo silk whiskering".

Northern song dynasty. In the early stage, there is glaze along the mouth of the kiln products, and in the late period, the mouth of the utensils is not glazed, which is called "mangkou", and the mangkou is often inlaid with gold, silver and copper edge rings to cover up the defects of the mangkou, which is a major feature of the kiln.

Decorative patterns. The kiln ware is loved by people for its colorful pattern decoration. The decoration techniques are mainly white glaze printing, white glaze engraving and white glaze scratching, as well as white glaze ticking flowers and gold color depictions, and the patterns are beautiful and elegant.

In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the carving, composition and pattern of the kiln became simplified, with the heavy lotus petal pattern being the majority, and the beauty of bas-relief carving. The carved flowers in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty are exquisite and unique.

Decorative patterns are often printed, scratched and piled up, beautiful and elegant. Printed patterns, natural forms are cleverly deformed, and the composition is rigorous; Carved flowers, more lively and vivid than prints, unique.

1. Tear stains

Tear stains refer to the phenomenon of glaze on the surface of the vessel, and the glaze of porcelain is often strip-shaped, like weeping, so it is called tear stains. The tear stain phenomenon is only seen in the Ding kiln ware of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Ding porcelain from the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties does not have this characteristic. The glaze of the Tang Dynasty porcelain is thin and white, and the tire glaze is very tightly combined, and there is no glaze phenomenon; In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was thick and yellowish, the bubbles in the glaze were large and numerous, and the glaze layer flowed with the vessel during the sintering process, forming tear stains.

2. Bamboo wire brush marks

On the outer wall of the bowl and disc utensils of the kiln, you can often see the scratches that are as fine as bamboo wire, and these scratches are left when the blank is processed after the initial formation of the utensils, of course, the blank marks can also be seen on the outer wall of the utensils at the mouth of other kilns, but they are not as fine and dense as the kiln, which is a characteristic of identifying the kiln utensils.

The Northern Song Dynasty Ding kiln is mainly white porcelain, and the decoration techniques are rich and colorful, including stacking, carving, scratching, ticking, printing, etc., and its ticking, carving, and printing techniques have had an important impact on other kilns in the same period.

The dragon head net bottle and children's pillow fired by the Ding kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty are world-famous, and the artistic achievements are unmatched. After the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the craftsmen of the Ding kiln invented the overfiring method, which greatly saved the kiln space, improved the production efficiency, and laid a solid foundation for the mass production of Chinese ceramics and the world.

How to appreciate it. It should have a jade texture. The porcelain of the Song Dynasty pursued the effect of jade, and the jade texture was the top quality, especially as the porcelain made by the court, and it was necessary to burn the jade texture.

Therefore, to get started with a piece of porcelain (whether it is white or color glaze), the first thing to see is whether there is a jade texture.

The genuine product should be glazed and moist, full of agility, just like white jade. Imitations are not easy to grasp because of the raw materials of the tire glaze and the firing temperature, so it is difficult to burn the texture of jade. Generally, the aura is sluggish, the glaze is pale, and there is no jade texture at all.

Individual can burn out the texture of jade, but the common color is new, and there is a sense of fire.

One is kaolin and the other is quartz sand

Additional information

Ding kiln is a treasure in the traditional Chinese porcelain craft, one of the six major kiln systems of the Song Dynasty, it is a major porcelain kiln system that emerged after the Xingyao white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty. The main production area is in the area of Jianci Village, Yebei Village, East Yanchuan Village and West Yanchuan Village in Quyang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province (formerly Dingzhou City), because the area was under the jurisdiction of Dingzhou in the Tang and Song dynasties, so it was named Dingyao.

The Ding kiln was originally a folk kiln, and the court porcelain began to be fired in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Created in the Tang Dynasty, extremely prosperous in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin, and finally Yuan, known for producing white porcelain, and burning black glaze, sauce glaze and green glaze porcelain, the literature called it respectively"Blackout"、"Purple Ding"with"Green set"。

Due to the changes in history, the kiln has changed with the region, the use of new porcelain clay and the progress of porcelain-making technology. Bian Xianghe believes that the greatest contribution of Dingyao is to shine in the history of Chinese ceramic development, and leave a brilliant page in the history of Chinese ceramics and the history of ceramic development in the world.

Among the traditional Chinese porcelain, there is one type of porcelain that is famous for its exquisiteness, delicacy and nobility, and that is Dingyao porcelain. It is one of the earliest varieties of porcelain in ancient China, known as the "king of porcelain", so what is its production process, characteristics and appreciation? Now, let's explore this cultural gem together.

The production process of Dingyao porcelain is very complex, and it needs to go through many processes to make perfect Dingyao porcelain.

First of all, you need to select materials. There are two main raw materials for Dingyao porcelain: one is kaolin and the other is quartz sand. Kaolin is white in color and easy to form, while quartz sand has high hardness and good wear resistance of porcelain, so the two are generally mixed.

Then there are three main ways to mold the kiln porcelain: one is manual molding, one is the wheel of the disc molding, and the other is the molding of compression.

Then there is the trimming of the embryo, that is, the trimming of the shape and size of the porcelain embryo.

The next step is firing. There are three key steps in the firing of Dingyao porcelain: one is to control the firing temperature, the second is to control the firing gas, and the third is to control the firing time.

The firing temperature of the kiln porcelain is generally between 1200 and 1300, and the firing gas needs to have a certain degree of reduction, and the firing time is generally 10 to 20 hours.