What is atomic spectroscopy? How is atomic spectroscopy different from analytical spectroscopy

Atomic. atomic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum with a specific frequency that is emitted or absorbed by an atom when its electron motion state changes. The atomic spectrum is some linear spectrum, the emission spectrum is some bright thin lines, and the absorption spectrum is some dark lines. The emission lines of the atoms coincide precisely with the positions of the absorption lines.

The spectra of different atoms are different, the spectrum of hydrogen atom is the simplest, the spectrum of other atoms is more complex, and the most complex is the spectrum of iron atom. Atomic spectra taken with spectrometers with high dispersion and resolution also show that the spectral lines have fine structures and superfine structures, all of which are characteristic of atomic spectra and reflect the regularity of the movement of electrons inside atoms.

The basic theory that clarifies the spectrum of atoms is quantum mechanics. Atoms can be in different steadystates according to their internal states of motion. Each state has a certain amount of energy, which mainly includes the kinetic energy of the internal motion of the atomic system, the interaction energy between the nucleus and the electrons, and the interaction energy between the electrons.

The state with the lowest energy is called the ground state, and the state with higher energy than the ground state is called the excited state, and they make up the energy levels of the atom (see Atomic Energy Levels). The high-energy excited state can transition to a lower energy state and emit photons, and conversely, the lower energy state can absorb photons and transition to a higher excited state, and the frequencies that emit or absorb photons constitute the emission spectrum or absorption spectrum. The theory of quantum mechanics can calculate the position of the spectral lines emitted or absorbed and the intensity of the spectral lines when the atomic energy level transitions.

Atomic spectroscopy provides a wealth of information about the internal structure of atoms. In fact, atomic physics and quantum mechanics, which study the structure of atoms, were established and developed in the process of studying, analyzing, and elucidating atomic spectra. Atoms are the basic units that make up matter.

The study of atomic spectroscopy is also of great significance for molecular structure and solid structure. The study of atomic spectroscopy plays an important role in the birth and development of exciters, and the in-depth study of atomic spectroscopy will further promote the development of laser technology. In turn, laser technology provides an extremely effective means of spectroscopy. Atomic spectroscopy is also widely used in chemistry, astrophysics, plasma physics, and other applied technical disciplines.

When the motion state of an atom or ion changes, the electromagnetic spectrum with a specific frequency is emitted or absorbed The atomic spectrum covers a wide range, extending from the radio frequency band to the X-ray band, and generally, the atomic spectrum refers to the spectrum in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions

The generation of a certain spectral line in the atomic spectrum is related to the transition between a certain pair of specific energy levels of electrons in an atom Therefore, atomic spectroscopy can be used to study the atomic structure Since the atom is the basic unit of matter, the atomic spectrum is also very important for studying the molecular structure, solid structure, etc. On the other hand, because the atomic spectrum can understand the motion state of the atom, it can study several physical processes including atoms Atomic spectroscopy technology is widely used in chemistry, astrophysics, plasma physics and some applied technical sciences

Atomic spectrum is a spectrum composed of a series of wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by electrons in an atom when their energy changes. Some wavelengths of light in atomic absorption light sources form an absorption spectrum, which is a dim fringe; When photons are emitted, the emission spectrum is formed, which is a bright colored stripe. Both spectra are not continuous, and the absorption spectrum fringes correspond one-to-one to the emission spectrum.

The spectrum of each atom is different, so the leaky band bond is called the characteristic spectrum.

The generation of a certain spectral line in the atomic spectrum is related to the transition between a certain pair of specific energy levels of electrons in an atom Therefore, atomic spectroscopy can be used to study the atomic structure Since the atom is the basic unit of matter, the atomic spectrum is also very important for studying the molecular structure, solid structure, etc. On the other hand, because the atomic spectrum can understand the motion state of the atom, it can study several physical processes including atoms Atomic spectroscopy technology is widely used in chemistry, astrophysics, plasma physics and some applied technical sciences

Analytical spectroscopy is actually a kind of spectrum for material analysis, and it is an application of atomic spectroscopy.

1.Emission spectrum: The spectrum directly produced by the light emitted by an object. Distinguish between clear line spectrum and continuous spectrum.

Bright-line spectrum: Formed by light emitted by rarefied gases or vapors.

Continuous spectrum: formed by light emitted by hot gases, liquids, and high-pressure gases.

2.Absorption spectrum: White light emitted by a very hot light source is produced by passing through a vapor or gas at a lower temperature.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy The atom is in the lowest state of energy (the most stable state), which is called the ground state (e0 = 0). When the Piludan atom absorbs external energy and is excited, its outermost electrons may jump to higher different energy levels, and this state of motion of the atom is called the excited state. This must be the absorption spectrum.

Molecular flame disturbance absorption spectroscopy is the absorption spectrum of atoms in a molecule.